Table 2 Association of predisposing, enabling and need factors with formal home care utilization - bivariable analysis

  Age in 2012, mean (SD)

73.1 (2.9)

73.7 (2.9)

0.002

2026

  Female sex, n (%)

1069 (59.9)

144 (59.8)

0.968

2026

  Born abroad (vs born in Switzerland), n (%)

448 (25.1)

71 (29.6)

0.138

2023

  Highest level of educational attainment, n (%)

0.227

2024

   Compulsory education

329 (18.4)

52 (21.7)

   Apprenticeship

711 (39.9)

101 (42.1)

   High school, university or equivalent

744 (41.7)

87 (36.3)

  Knows very well or rather well what a home care organization is and what it can offer (vs rather no or not at all), n (%)

1273 (79.7)

153 (74.6)

0.092

1802

  Would not hesitate at all to seek help from a home care organization in case of need (vs a little, a lot or would not seek help), n (%)

903 (57.4)

111 (54.7)

0.460

1776

  Without children, n (%)

368 (20.7)

54 (22.4)

0.552

2015

  Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) score of less than 12 (vs 12 or more), n (%)

363 (22.0)

69 (32.9)

< 0.001

1859

  Lives alone, n (%)

697 (39.3)

113 (46.9)

0.024

2016

  Difficult financial situation, n (%)

329 (21.1)

83 (39.5)

< 0.001

1766

  Number of years with the current attending physician, n (%)

0.936

1757

   2 years or less

189 (12.2)

24 (11.4)

   3 to 10 years

409 (26.4)

55 (26.2)

   More than 10 years

949 (61.3)

131 (62.4)

  Knows very well or rather well how to find a home care organization in case of need (vs rather no or not at all), n (%)

964 (60.7)

125 (60.1)

0.857

1795

  Self-rated health reported as fair, poor or very poor (vs very good or good), n (%)

449 (25.2)

121 (50.2)

< 0.001

2026

  Suffers since at least 6 months from, n (%)

2002

   - Pain in articulations of legs, shoulders, arms or hands, or back pain

1025 (58.1)

166 (69.8)

0.001

   - Shortness of breath, difficult breathing

207 (11.7)

51 (21.4)

< 0.001

   - Memory lapses affecting everyday life, difficulty concentrating, or difficulty taking decisions in everyday life

220 (12.5)

53 (22.3)

< 0.001

   - Involuntary leakage of urine

204 (11.6)

42 (17.7)

0.007

  Depressed mood, anhedonia or both during the past 4 weeks, n (%)

364 (20.5)

90 (38.0)

< 0.001

2010

  Mobility difficulties, n (%)

692 (39.2)

154 (64.4)

< 0.001

2005

  Falls not associated with sport activity during the past 12 months, n (%)

< 0.001

2014

   No

1464 (82.5)

172 (71.7)

   Yes, once

246 (13.9)

48 (20.0)

   Yes, several times

64 (3.6)

20 (8.3)

  Fear of falling, n (%)

< 0.001

1986

   Not at all

975 (55.8)

88 (37.1)

   Yes, without activity restriction

643 (36.8)

89 (37.6)

   Yes, with restriction from certain activities because of it

131 (7.5)

60 (25.3)

  Difficulty or need for help in one or more ADL/IADL, n (%)

< 0.001

1940

   No difficulty or need for help in 2018^a

1179 (69.2)

53 (22.5)

   Difficulty or need for help in 2018^a, but not in 2012

302 (17.7)

98 (41.5)

   Difficulty or need for help in 2012 and 2018^a

223 (13.1)

85 (36.0)

  Number of diagnosed chronic health conditions^b reported during the past 12 months, n (%)

< 0.001

2008

   0

568 (32.1)

46 (19.2)

   1

569 (32.2)

68 (28.3)

   More than 1

631 (35.7)

126 (52.5)

  Treated for or suffering from the following diagnosed chronic health conditions during the past 12 months, n (%)

2008

   - Coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart valve/muscle disease, or cerebrovascular disease

141 (8.0)

40 (16.7)

< 0.001

   - Diabetes

152 (8.6)

39 (16.3)

< 0.001

   - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma

130 (7.4)

35 (14.6)

< 0.001

   - Osteoarthritis or other types of arthritis

440 (24.9)

81 (33.8)

0.003

   - Cancer, malignancy, lymphoma

81 (4.6)

9 (3.8)

0.559

  Unintentional weight loss during the past 12 months, n (%)

167 (9.4)

37 (15.7)

0.003

2012

  Frailty phenotype, n (%)

< 0.001

1971

   Robust

977 (56.1)

72 (31.3)

   Pre-frail

687 (39.5)

121 (52.6)

   Frail

77 (4.4)

37 (16.1)