Cost-related medication nonadherence among over-indebted individuals enrolled in statutory health insurance in Germany: a cross-sectional population study

Table 1 Characteristics of participants

			CRN^b
	Total sample (n = 604)^a		Yes (n = 203)		No (n = 401)		Diff. between groups^c
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Age							0.173
18–29 years	107	17.7	41	20.2	66	16.5
30–49 years	303	50.2	107	52.7	196	48.9
50–64 years	156	25.8	47	23.2	109	27.2
65–79 years	38	6.3	8	3.9	30	7.5
Missing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gender							0.023
Female	348	57.6	130	64.0	218	54.4
Male	256	42.4	73	36.0	183	45.6
Missing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Migrant background							0.923
No	343	56.8	116	57.1	227	56.6
Yes	225	37.3	76	37.4	149	37.2
Missing	36	6.0	11	5.4	25	6.2
Marital status							0.119^d
Married	131	21.7	34	16.7	97	24.2
Previously married	232	38.4	83	40.9	149	37.2
Never married	234	38.7	85	41.9	149	37.2
Missing	7	1.2	1	0.5	6	1.5
Number of children							0.668^d
No children	176	29.1	58	28.6	118	29.4
1 child	133	22.0	48	23.6	85	21.2
2 children	154	25.5	54	26.6	100	24.9
3 or more children	137	22.7	43	21.2	94	23.4
Missing	4	0.7	0	0.0	4	1.0
Education level							0.209^d
Low	273	45.2	100	49.3	173	43.1
Medium	304	50.3	95	46.8	209	52.1
High	26	4.3	7	3.4	19	4.7
Missing	1	0.2	1	0.5	0	0.0
Employment status							0.964^d
Employed	307	50.8	102	50.2	205	51.1
Unemployed	287	47.5	98	48.3	189	47.1
Missing	10	1.7	3	1.5	7	1.7
Chronic illness							< 0.001
No	215	35.6	51	25.1	164	40.9
Yes	364	60.3	143	70.4	221	55.1
Missing	25	4.1	9	4.4	16	4.0
Communication about financial problems with GP							0.044
No	416	68.9	135	66.5	281	70.1
Yes	127	21.0	53	26.1	74	18.5
Missing	61	10.1	15	7.4	46	11.5

^aLogistic regression analysis included individuals with complete covariate and outcome data only (n = 521)
^bCRN: Any cost-related medication nonadherence in the last 12 months
^cDifferences between groups examined by chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test^d

ISSN: 1472-6963