Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of “Whether the voucher can encourage the use of health services in private sector”
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Total | No (n = 773) | Yes (n = 754) | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
Demographic | |||||||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 650 (39.5) | 295 (38.2) | 316 (41.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 996 (60.5) | 478 (61.8) | 438 (58.1) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 0.052 | 0.78 (0.61–0.98) | 0.032 |
Age | |||||||
70–74 | 507 (30.8) | 225 (29.1) | 248 (32.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
75–79 | 509 (30.9) | 239 (30.9) | 242 (32.1) | 0.92 (0.70–1.19) | 0.514 | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) | 0.667 |
80–84 | 409 (24.8) | 196 (25.4) | 180 (23.9) | 0.80 (0.60–1.06) | 0.117 | 0.81 (0.60–1.10) | 0.180 |
≥ 85 | 221 (13.4) | 113 (14.6) | 84 (11.1) | 0.62 (0.43–0.88) | 0.007 | 0.59 (0.40–0.85) | 0.005 |
Living districts | |||||||
HK Islands | 425 (25.8) | 231 (29.9) | 164 (21.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
Kowloon | 579 (35.2) | 249 (32.2) | 302 (40.1) | 1.92 (1.46–2.54) | < 0.001 | 1.80 (1.34–2.42) | < 0.001 |
New Territories | 642 (39) | 293 (37.9) | 288 (38.2) | 1.32 (1.00–1.75) | 0.052 | 1.30 (0.96–1.76) | 0.094 |
Received social security assistance | |||||||
No | 1474 (89.6) | 708 (91.6) | 657 (87.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 172 (10.4) | 65 (8.4) | 97 (12.9) | 1.55 (1.10–2.20) | 0.013 | 1.36 (0.93–2.01) | 0.114 |
Had health insurance coverage | |||||||
No | 1549 (94.1) | 714 (92.4) | 724 (96) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 97 (5.9) | 59 (7.6) | 30 (4.0) | 0.54 (0.34–0.87) | 0.011 | 0.45 (0.27–0.77) | 0.003 |
Living status | |||||||
Living with others | 1251 (76) | 610 (78.9) | 557 (73.9) | 1 | – | ||
Living alone | 395 (24) | 163 (21.1) | 197 (26.1) | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 0.036 | 1.25 (0.94–1.66) | 0.121 |
Health condition | |||||||
Doctor consultation in past one month | |||||||
No | 479 (29.2) | 210 (27.4) | 233 (30.9) | 1 | – | ||
Yes | 1160 (70.8) | 557 (72.6) | 520 (69.1) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.583 | ||
Hospitalization in the past one year | |||||||
No | 1290 (78.9) | 606 (78.8) | 590 (78.9) | 1 | – | ||
Yes | 344 (21.1) | 163 (21.2) | 158 (21.1) | 0.90 (0.70–1.17) | 0.436 | ||
Health condition when compared with other people at the same age | |||||||
Better | 611 (39.1) | 292 (39.9) | 282 (39.4) | 1 | – | ||
Fair | 736 (47.1) | 350 (47.8) | 325 (45.5) | 0.94 (0.74–1.18) | 0.586 | ||
Worse | 216 (13.8) | 90 (12.3) | 108 (15.1) | 1.09 (0.78–1.54) | 0.603 | ||
Had chronic disease | |||||||
No | 327 (20) | 160 (20.8) | 139 (18.5) | 1 | – | ||
Yes | 1310 (80) | 608 (79.2) | 612 (81.5) | 0.95 (0.72–1.24) | 0.684 | ||
Usual source of care (prior to the use of vouchers) | |||||||
Public doctors only | 446 (29.3) | 238 (32.6) | 185 (26.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
Private doctors only | 332 (21.8) | 173 (23.7) | 130 (18.9) | 0.95 (0.69–1.3) | 0.752 | 0.95 (0.69–1.32) | 0.778 |
Both public and private doctors | 743 (48.8) | 320 (43.8) | 373 (54.2) | 1.31 (1.01–1.7) | 0.041 | 1.28 (0.98–1.67) | 0.069 |