Table 2 Characteristics of Study Sample
| Â | All | ASA-PS a1 | ASA-PS 2 | ASA-PS 3 | ASA-PS 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 566,797 |  | 50,285 | 8.9% | 277,156 | 48.9% | 221,453 | 39.1% | 17,903 | 3.2% | |
| Â | Avg | sd | Avg | sd | Avg | sd | Avg | sd | Avg | sd |
Age | 55.9 | 15.6 | 40.5 | 14.1 | 53.5 | 14.8 | 61.7 | 13.8 | 66.5 | 12.6 |
BMI | 30.5 | 7.7 | 26.5 | 4.8 | 29.5 | 6.4 | 32.7 | 8.8 | 31.2 | 9.5 |
| Â | no. | % | no. | % | no. | % | no. | % | no. | % |
n= | 566,797 | Â | 50,285 | 8.9% | 277,156 | 48.9% | 221,453 | 39.1% | 17,903 | 3.2% |
Sex | ||||||||||
 Female | 329,669 | 58.2% | 28,288 | 56.3% | 171,512 | 61.9% | 122,624 | 55.4% | 7245 | 40.5% |
 Male | 237,128 | 41.8% | 21,997 | 43.7% | 105,644 | 38.1% | 98,829 | 44.6% | 10,658 | 59.5% |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
 White | 376,372 | 66.4% | 26,273 | 52.2% | 181,892 | 65.6% | 155,687 | 70.3% | 12,520 | 69.9% |
 Black | 51,757 | 9.1% | 3502 | 7.0% | 23,248 | 8.4% | 22,967 | 10.4% | 2040 | 11.4% |
 Hispanic | 37,982 | 6.7% | 4499 | 8.9% | 19,779 | 7.1% | 12,749 | 5.8% | 955 | 5.3% |
 Asian | 14,675 | 2.6% | 2127 | 4.2% | 8103 | 2.9% | 4228 | 1.9% | 217 | 1.2% |
 Other | 5156 | 0.9% | 420 | 0.8% | 2487 | 0.9% | 2135 | 1.0% | 114 | 0.6% |
 Unknown | 80,855 | 14.3% | 13,464 | 26.8% | 41,647 | 15.0% | 23,687 | 10.7% | 2057 | 11.5% |
Dyspnea | ||||||||||
 No | 535,798 | 94.5% | 50,049 | 99.5% | 270,904 | 97.7% | 200,913 | 90.7% | 13,932 | 77.8% |
 At Rest | 1517 | 0.3% | 12 | 0.0% | 226 | 0.1% | 954 | 0.4% | 325 | 1.8% |
 Moderate Exertion | 29,482 | 5.2% | 224 | 0.4% | 6026 | 2.2% | 19,586 | 8.8% | 3646 | 20.4% |
Diabetes | ||||||||||
 No | 484,620 | 85.5% | 50,085 | 99.6% | 257,655 | 93.0% | 165,458 | 74.7% | 11,422 | 63.8% |
 Non-Insulin | 54,427 | 9.6% | 159 | 0.3% | 15,501 | 5.6% | 35,767 | 16.2% | 3000 | 16.8% |
 Insulin | 27,750 | 4.9% | 41 | 0.1% | 4000 | 1.4% | 20,228 | 9.1% | 3481 | 19.4% |
Sepsis | ||||||||||
 None | 564,736 | 99.6% | 50,176 | 99.8% | 276,369 | 99.7% | 220,454 | 99.5% | 17,737 | 99.1% |
 Any Sepsis | 338 | 0.1% | 14 | 0.0% | 126 | 0.0% | 167 | 0.1% | 31 | 0.2% |
 Septic Shock | 10 | 0.0% | 1 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 6 | 0.0% | 3 | 0.0% |
 SIRSb | 1713 | 0.3% | 94 | 0.2% | 661 | 0.2% | 826 | 0.4% | 132 | 0.7% |
Functional Status | ||||||||||
 Independent | 561,050 | 99.0% | 50,238 | 99.9% | 276,133 | 99.6% | 217,680 | 98.3% | 16,999 | 95.0% |
 Partially Dependent | 5321 | 0.9% | 47 | 0.1% | 976 | 0.4% | 3484 | 1.6% | 814 | 4.5% |
 Totally Dependent | 426 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 47 | 0.0% | 289 | 0.1% | 90 | 0.5% |
Steroid Use | ||||||||||
 No | 547,932 | 96.7% | 50,114 | 99.7% | 271,015 | 97.8% | 210,236 | 94.9% | 16,567 | 92.5% |
 Yes | 18,865 | 3.3% | 171 | 0.3% | 6141 | 2.2% | 11,217 | 5.1% | 1336 | 7.5% |
Hypertension with Medications | ||||||||||
 No | 312,618 | 55.2% | 49,344 | 98.1% | 183,331 | 66.1% | 76,345 | 34.5% | 3598 | 20.1% |
 Yes | 254,179 | 44.8% | 941 | 1.9% | 93,825 | 33.9% | 145,108 | 65.5% | 14,305 | 79.9% |
Dialysis | ||||||||||
 No | 562,089 | 99.2% | 50,284 | 100.0% | 277,011 | 99.9% | 218,794 | 98.8% | 16,000 | 89.4% |
 Yes | 4708 | 0.8% | 1 | 0.0% | 145 | 0.1% | 2659 | 1.2% | 1903 | 10.6% |
COPDc | ||||||||||
 No | 544,439 | 96.1% | 50,252 | 99.9% | 274,216 | 98.9% | 205,483 | 92.8% | 14,488 | 80.9% |
 Yes | 22,358 | 3.9% | 33 | 0.1% | 2940 | 1.1% | 15,970 | 7.2% | 3415 | 19.1% |
Ascites | ||||||||||
 No | 565,885 | 99.8% | 50,278 | 100.0% | 276,930 | 99.9% | 220,878 | 99.7% | 17,799 | 99.4% |
 Yes | 912 | 0.2% | 7 | 0.0% | 226 | 0.1% | 575 | 0.3% | 104 | 0.6% |
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | ||||||||||
 No | 564,691 | 99.6% | 50,282 | 100.0% | 277,071 | 100.0% | 220,210 | 99.4% | 17,128 | 95.7% |
 Yes | 2106 | 0.4% | 3 | 0.0% | 85 | 0.0% | 1243 | 0.6% | 775 | 4.3% |
Renal Failure | ||||||||||
 No | 566,311 | 99.9% | 50,283 | 100.0% | 277,127 | 100.0% | 221,185 | 99.9% | 17,716 | 99.0% |
 Yes | 486 | 0.1% | 2 | 0.0% | 29 | 0.0% | 268 | 0.1% | 187 | 1.0% |
Disseminated Cancer | ||||||||||
 No | 555,769 | 98.1% | 50,211 | 99.9% | 274,284 | 99.0% | 214,086 | 96.7% | 17,188 | 96.0% |
 Yes | 11,028 | 1.9% | 74 | 0.1% | 2872 | 1.0% | 7367 | 3.3% | 715 | 4.0% |
Smoker | ||||||||||
 No | 469,380 | 82.8% | 46,060 | 91.6% | 230,441 | 83.1% | 179,155 | 80.9% | 13,724 | 76.7% |
 Yes | 97,417 | 17.2% | 4225 | 8.4% | 46,715 | 16.9% | 42,298 | 19.1% | 4179 | 23.3% |
Wound Infection | ||||||||||
 No | 559,375 | 98.7% | 50,094 | 99.6% | 275,492 | 99.4% | 217,014 | 98.0% | 16,775 | 93.7% |
 Yes | 7422 | 1.3% | 191 | 0.4% | 1664 | 0.6% | 4439 | 2.0% | 1128 | 6.3% |
Weight Loss | ||||||||||
 No | 561,766 | 99.1% | 50,214 | 99.9% | 275,688 | 99.5% | 218,311 | 98.6% | 17,553 | 98.0% |
 Yes | 5031 | 0.9% | 71 | 0.1% | 1468 | 0.5% | 3142 | 1.4% | 350 | 2.0% |
Bleeding Disorder | ||||||||||
 No | 551,784 | 97.4% | 50,199 | 99.8% | 274,970 | 99.2% | 210,950 | 95.3% | 15,665 | 87.5% |
 Yes | 15,013 | 2.6% | 86 | 0.2% | 2186 | 0.8% | 10,503 | 4.7% | 2238 | 12.5% |
Transfusion | ||||||||||
 No | 566,322 | 99.9% | 50,276 | 100.0% | 277,015 | 99.9% | 221,194 | 99.9% | 17,837 | 99.6% |
 Yes | 475 | 0.1% | 9 | 0.0% | 141 | 0.1% | 259 | 0.1% | 66 | 0.4% |
Ventilator | ||||||||||
 No | 566,764 | 100.0% | 50,284 | 100.0% | 277,151 | 100.0% | 221,433 | 100.0% | 17,896 | 100.0% |
 Yes | 33 | 0.0% | 1 | 0.0% | 5 | 0.0% | 20 | 0.0% | 7 | 0.0% |