Communication and patient safety in gynecology and obstetrics - study protocol of an intervention study

Table 2 Overview over the outcome variables and covariates considered in the different study phases

	Phase 1		Phase 2		Phase 3
	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2
Primary outcomes
Communication competences¹	X	X	X	X	X	X
Preventable adverse events (pAEs)²	X	X	X	X	X	X
Secondary outcomes
Healthcare provider satisfaction³	X	X	X	X	X	X
Patient/treatment satisfaction³ (patients/social support providers)			X	X	X	X
Training-related outcomes⁴	X	X	X	X	X	X
Personal outcomes⁵	X	X	X	X	X	X
Organizational outcomes
Adherence safety culture⁶	X	X	X	X	X	X
Subjective safety culture⁷			X	X	X	X
Covariates
Socio-demographic variables including migration status⁸	X		X		X

Note: Examples for the measurements are:
¹ Self-developed questionnaire
² Operationalized via trigger events (such as unavailable staff, equipment failure, readmissions, length of stay, communication error) as defined by [54, 55]
³ Nurses’ job satisfaction scale [56]
⁴ HAPA questionnaire including outcome expectancies, goals and intentions/motivation, action planning and coping planning, behavior, self-efficacy, perceived stress see [25, 42, 45–48]
⁵ Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, perceived social support [4, 57]
⁶ The Hygiene Inventory - 23 items (HI-23) [58]
⁷ Measures equivalent to the ones used in [59, 60]
⁸ Age, gender, education, professional experience, depressive symptoms, anxiety and migration [61, 62]

ISSN: 1472-6963