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Table 7 Association of HVBP with 30-day risk adjusted mortality rate for AMI, HF, and pneumonia using alternative cut-off point 50% to classify high and low Medicare share hospitals

From: Association between degree of exposure to the Hospital Value Based Purchasing Program and 30-day mortality: experience from the first four years of Medicare’s pay-for-performance program

 

AMI

HF

Pneumonia

High Medicare share hospitals

−0.181* (0.09)

− 0.175* (0.08)

− 0.354* (0.10)

Post-HVBP

−2.058* (0.11)

0.437* (0.10)

−0.149 (0.11)

High Medicare share hospitals x Post-HVBP

0.047 (0.07)

0.101 (0.08)

0.194* (0.07)

Teaching hospital

−0.174 (0.12)

−0.102 (0.11)

− 0.021 (0.13)

Government non-federal (ref: not-for-profit)

0.358* (0.10)

0.095 (0.08)

0.515* (0.12)

For-profit (ref: not-for-profit)

0.248* (0.08)

−0.203* (0.08)

0.126 (0.10)

Bed size: 100–199 (ref: < 100)

0.285* (0.12)

−0.037 (0.08)

−0.133 (0.11)

Bed size: > = 200 (ref: < 100)

0.289* (0.12)

−0.069 (0.09)

−0.024 (0.12)

Midwest (ref: Northeast)

0.067 (0.09)

0.231* (0.09)

0.023 (0.10)

South (ref: Northeast)

0.449* (0.11)

0.517* (0.10)

0.472* (0.12)

West (ref: Northeast)

0.014 (0.10)

0.526* (0.10)

0.189* (0.12)

DSH %

0.800* (0.23)

−0.559* (0.17)

−0.185 (0.21)

Average daily census

−0.002* (0.0002)

−0.002* (0.0003)

− 0.002* (0.0003)

Poverty rate

0.011 (0.018)

0.006 (0.02)

−0.003 (0.02)

Unemployment rate

0.010 (0.023)

−0.034 (0.02)

−0.006 (0.02)

N

11,600

14,960

15,048

  1. Sources: Authors’ analysis of Hospital Compare (2009–2016), American Hospital Association Annual Survey (2009), and Final Impact Rules (2009–2016) data
  2. High Medicare share hospitals: Hospitals with Medicare share inpatient days > = 50%; Low Medicare share hospitals: Hospitals with Medicare share inpatient days < 50%
  3. Post-HVBP refers to the period 2011–2016
  4. Estimates from random effects model reported; heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors clustered at the hospital level; model includes year dummies
  5. The difference-in-differences estimates are indicated in bold
  6. Standard errors in parenthesis
  7. *p < 0.05