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Table 3 Parallel trends test for association of HVBP with 30-day risk adjusted mortality rate for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), and pneumonia

From: Association between degree of exposure to the Hospital Value Based Purchasing Program and 30-day mortality: experience from the first four years of Medicare’s pay-for-performance program

 

AMI

HF

Pneumonia

High Medicare share hospitals

− 0.084 (0.11)

− 0.100 (0.09)

− 0.074 (0.11)

Post 2010

−0.322* (0.04)

0.125* (0.03)

0.006 (0.05)

High Medicare share hospitals x Post 2010

0.151* (0.07)

0.045 (0.05)

0.028 (0.05)

Teaching hospital

−0.346* (0.16)

− 0.164 (0.12)

0.276 (0.15)

Government non-federal (ref: not-for-profit)

0.346* (0.16)

0.106 (0.11)

0.572* (0.15)

For-profit (ref: not-for-profit)

0.197 (0.12)

−0.135 (0.10)

0.057 (0.12)

Bed size: 100–199 (ref: < 100)

0.431* (0.18)

−0.079 (0.10)

−0.202 (0.13)

Bed size: > = 200 (ref: < 100)

0.462* (0.18)

−0.114 (0.11)

−0.285* (0.13)

Midwest (ref: Northeast)

0.090 (0.13)

0.134 (0.11)

−0.243 (0.12)

South (ref: Northeast)

0.476* (0.16)

0.281* (0.13)

0.098 (0.160)

West (ref: Northeast)

0.182 (0.154)

0.791* (0.13)

0.321* (0.15)

DSH %

1.55* (0.32)

−0.986* (0.20)

0.245 (0.25)

Average daily census

−0.002* (0.0004)

−0.002* (0.0003)

− 0.002* (0.0004)

Poverty rate

0.007 (0.30)

0.064* (0.02)

0.036 (0.02)

Unemployment rate

−0.014 (0.025)

−0.096* (0.02)

− 0.007 (0.22)

N

2900

3740

3762

  1. Sources: Authors’ analysis of Hospital Compare (2009–2010), American Hospital Association Annual Survey (2009), and Final Impact Rules (2009–2010) data
  2. Here only data from 2009 and 2010 was used and change between 2009 and 2010 was compared between high vs. low Medicare share hospitals
  3. Post 2010: Includes year 2010
  4. High Medicare share hospitals: Hospitals with % Medicare inpatient days > = 55%; Low Medicare share hospitals: Hospitals with % Medicare inpatient days < 55%
  5. Estimates from random effects model reported; heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors clustered at the hospital level; model includes year dummies
  6. Standard errors in parenthesis
  7. *p < 0.05