Table 3 Treatment effects for primary and secondary outcomes
Outcomes | Intervention group Mean (SD) | Control group Mean (SD) | Treatment effect (crude) MD (95% CI) | Treatment effect (adjusted) MD (95% CI) | Adjusted fora |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome | |||||
 HR-QOL (EQ-5D-3L) | |||||
  Baseline | 0.65 (0.21) | 0.70 (0.19) | − 0.05 (− 0.11–0.021) | − 0.031 (− 0.1–0.038) | age, TTOb, admission hospital, surgery |
  3 months | 0.78 (0.16) | 0.85 (0.13) | − 0.07 (− 0.14–0.006) | − 0.083 (− 0.17–0.001) | age, TTO, fracture region |
  6 months | 0.82 (0.13) | 0.81 (0.19) | 0.013 (− 0.05–0.08) | 0.051 (− 0.02–0.12) | gender, trauma type, TTO, admission hospital, surgery |
  9 months | 0.85 (0.13) | 0.81 (0.19) | 0.04 (− 0.02–0.10) | 0.055 (− 0.01–0.12) | age, medical history, TTO |
Secondary outcomes | |||||
 Disease-specific HR-QOL (DSQOL-OA) | |||||
  Baseline | 55.60 (21.35) | 50.61 (22.26) | 4.99 (−1.88–11.86) | 3.65 (− 3.37–10.67) | age, medical history, TTO, fracture region, admission hospital, surgery |
  3 months | 29.56 (20.06) | 26.16 (23.35) | 3.44 (−5.21–12.09) | 0.36 (−8.85–9.58) | age, medical history, fracture region, admission hospital, surgery, length of stay |
  6 months | 22.66 (20.01) | 20.21 (20.09) | 2.45 (−3.91–8.82) | −3.65 (− 10.38–3.08) | age, medical history, trauma type, TTO, fracture region, ISS, admission hospital, surgery |
  9 months | 17.63 (15.74) | 20.45 (21.00) | −2.82 (− 8.41–2.77) | −7.96 (− 14.17 - -1.75) | age, medical history, TTO, fracture region, admission hospital, surgery |
Pain (NPRS) | |||||
  Baseline | 2.84 (1.85) | 2.83 (1.93) | 0.013 (− 0.60–0.62) | 0.34 (− 0.36–1.04) | gender, age, education, medical history, trauma type, TTO, fracture region, ISS, admission hospital, surgery |
  3 months | 1.95 (1.26) | 2.54 (1.64) | −0.59 (− 1.2–0.02) | −0.38 (− 1.07–0.32) | TTO, admission hospital, surgery |
  6 months | 1.63 (1.33) | 2.31 (2.09) | − 0.68 (− 1.26 - -0.11) | −0.87 (− 1.44 - -0.29) | trauma type |
  9 months | 1.34 (1.11) | 2.19 (2.01) | −0.84 (− 1.38 - -0.31) | − 0.84 (− 1.38 - -0.31) | none |
Functional status (PSFS) | |||||
  Baseline | 65.9 (28.89) | 58.15 (37.1) | 6.84 (−3.69–17.37) | 5.90 (− 5.45–17.24) | education, medical history, fracture region |
  3 months | 26.71 (26.82) | 34.00 (35.72) | −7.29 (−19.32–4.74) | − 2.02 (− 15.82–11.76) | medical history, trauma type, TTO, fracture region, admission hospital, length of stay |
  6 months | 18.49 (22.06) | 29.64 (25.43) | −11.15 (− 18.66 - -3.64) | − 16.49 (− 24.39 - -8.60) | trauma type, TTO, admission hospital, surgery |
  9 months | 18.39 (22.36) | 34.39 (30.74) | −16.00 (− 24.09 - -7.90) | −20.68 (− 29.20 - -12.16) | TTO, surgery |
Patient satisfaction (total treatment) | |||||
  Baseline | 7.84 (1.48) | 7.32 (2.01) | 0.53 (− 0.03–1.08) | 0.60 (0.036–1.16) | education |
  3 months | 8.10 (0.99) | 7.17 (1.43) | 0.93 (0.38–1.47) | 0.77 (0.13–1.42) | TTO, admission hospital, surgery, length of stay |
  6 months | 8.09 (1.35) | 7.44 (2.04) | 0.64 (0.07–1.22) | 0.53 (− 0.07–1.13) | admission hospital |
  9 months | 8.09 (1.57) | 7.77 (1.18) | 0.32 (− 0.19–0.82) | 0.24 (− 0.29–0.76) | surgery |
Patient satisfaction (outpatient clinic) | |||||
  Baseline | 7.76 (1.57) | 7.33 (2.01) | 0.43 (− 0.15–1.00) | 0.56 (− 0.018–1.15) | education, medical history |
  3 months | 7.73 (1.55) | 7.41 (1.66) | 0.31 (−0.37–1.00) | 0.15 (− 0.64–0.95) | medical history, TTO, fracture region, admission hospital, surgery, length of stay |
  6 months | 7.98 (1.46) | 7.50 (1.92) | 0.48 (− 0.09–1.05) | 0.39 (−0.25–1.03) | trauma type, fracture region, admission hospital, surgery |
  9 months | 8.22 (1.41) | 7.71 (1.36) | 0.51 (0.03–0.98) | 0.44 (− 0.08–0.95) | age, TTO, surgery |
Patient satisfaction (collaboration) | |||||
  Baseline | 7.16 (2.00) | 5.77 (2.57) | 1.39 (0.39–2.39) | 1.25 (0.24–2.25) | trauma type |
  3 months | 7.40 (1.31) | 5.61 (2.19) | 1.79 (0.93–2.66) | 1.61 (0.72–2.51) | TTO |
  6 months | 7.65 (1.53) | 5.86 (2.48) | 1.78 (1.03–2.53) | 1.78 (1.03–2.53) | none |
  9 months | 7.51 (2.03) | 6.13 (2.35) | 1.39 (0.65–2.12) | 1.20 (0.42–1.97) | admission hospital, surgery |