Association between physician adoption of a new oral anti-diabetic medication and Medicare and Medicaid drug spending

Table 2 Results from the Finite Mixture Model of Anti-diabetic Drug Spending in the Medicare Study Sample (2011)

Medicare Characteristic	Spending Component
	Low			High
	Average Beta Coefficient	Average Standard Error	95% CI Standard Error	Average Beta Coefficient	Average Standard Error	95% CI Standard Error
Intercept	7.480	0.069	[7.345, 7.615]	7.396	0.310	[6.789, 8.004]
Time to Sitagliptin Adoption^a	0.001	0.003	[− 0.005, 0.006]	− 0.003	0.006	[− 0.016, 0.010]
% Adopting Sitagliptin^a	0.345	0.072	[0.203, 0.487]	0.148	0.258	[−0.359, 0.654]
Age	− 0.002	0.000	[− 0.003, − 0.001]	0.001	0.001	[− 0.001, 0.003]
Female	− 0.033	0.011	[− 0.054, − 0.012]	−0.015	0.015	[−0.044, 0.013]
Race (Ref = White)
Black	−0.272	0.027	[−0.325, − 0.218]	−0.443	0.017	[−0.475, − 0.410]
Hispanic	−0.218	0.030	[−0.277, − 0.160]	−0.257	0.033	[−0.321, − 0.192]
Race other	−0.072	0.039	[−0.149, 0.004]	0.018	0.036	[−0.052, 0.088]
Eligibility
Dual Eligible	−0.006	0.022	[−0.048, 0.037]	− 0.029	0.028	[− 0.084, 0.027]
Low Income Subsidy	0.202	0.021	[0.161, 0.243]	0.305	0.025	[0.255, 0.354]
Disabled	−0.146	0.018	[−0.182, − 0.110]	−0.113	0.018	[−0.148, − 0.077]
Drug Type (Ref = Combo)
Oral only	−2.252	0.013	[−2.278, −2.226]	−2.108	0.017	[−2.142, − 2.074]
Injection only	− 0.178	0.017	[− 0.211, − 0.145]	−0.260	0.023	[−0.305, − 0.216]
Elixhauser	−0.012	0.002	[−0.016, − 0.008]	−0.007	0.003	[−0.012, − 0.002]

Data sources: Medicare data from CMS, Medicaid data from PADHS, XPonent™ from QuintilesIMS
^aAdoption variables measured in XPonent™ from QuintilesIMS

ISSN: 1472-6963