Variables | Primary care (nĀ =ā108) | Tertiary care (nĀ =ā524) | Overall (nĀ =ā632) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
āMale sex | 32% | 44% | 43% | 0.235 |
āAge [years]* | 62āĀ±ā9 | 60āĀ±ā10 | 60āĀ±ā10 | 0.010 |
āUniversity degree | 12% | 26% | 26% | 0.224 |
āOccupation (I/II/III)a,*** | 10%/40%/50% | 31%/34%/35% | 29%/35%/36% | <ā0.001 |
āAccompanied by caregiver | 53% | 62% | 61% | 0.132 |
Clinical variables | ||||
āDiabetes duration [years]* | 5 (1ā14); Nā=ā31 | 4 (1ā10); NĀ =ā312 | 5 (1ā10); NĀ =ā343 | 0.028 |
āType of therapy (I/II/III/IV)b,*** | 11%/67%/14%/8% | 2%/57%/24%/17% | 5%/59%/22%/14% | <ā0.001 |
āFasting blood glucose (FBG) [mg/dL] | 130 (112ā134); NĀ =ā9 | 140 (115ā179); NĀ =ā249 | 140 (115ā180); NĀ =ā258 | 0.440 |
āPostprandial glucose [mg/dL] | 167 (160ā184); Nā=ā9 | 192 (151ā236); NĀ =ā234 | 190 (153ā236); NĀ =ā243 | 0.603 |
Complications | ||||
āNo complication | 47% | 33% | 32% | 0.576 |
āWith one complication | 33% | 37% | 36% | 0.116 |
āWith two or more complications* | 17% | 23% | 26% | 0.011 |
With other serious diseases* | 3% | 7% | 6% | 0.011 |
Diabetes distress | ||||
āTotal score*** | 28 (21ā41) | 21 (18ā30) | 23 (18ā35) | <ā0.001 |
āEmotional burden*** | 8 (6ā11) | 6 (5ā9) | 7 (5ā10) | <ā0.001 |
āPhysician distress*** | 7 (5ā10) | 5 (4ā7) | 5 (4ā8) | <ā0.001 |
āRegimen distress*** | 9 (6ā13) | 6 (5ā9) | 7 (5ā11) | <ā0.001 |
āInterpersonal distress*** | 4 (3ā6) | 3 (3ā5) | 3 (3ā6) | <ā0.001 |