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Table 4 Probit regression and contributions to inequality in outpatient visit in 2005 and 2009, men

From: Inequality in outpatient resource utilization among older adults during the 2007–2008 financial crisis: findings from Taiwan

variable

2005

2009

coefficient

elasticity

Corrected CI

contribution

coefficient

elasticity

Corrected CI

contribution

Lpinco

- 0.0758

- 0.2562

0.0464

- 0.0476

0.0159

0.0559

0.0634

0.0142

Age group (ref = 75+)

 65–74

- 0.2248*

- 0.0491

- 0.0045

0.0009

- 0.1445

- 0.0320

- 0.0733

0.0094

Marital status (Ref = unmarried)

 Married

0.2970**

0.0858

0.0343

0.0118

0.2039

0.0611

0.0204

0.0050

Education Level (ref: informal education or illiterate)

 Elementary education

0.3877**

0.0648

- 0.1468

- 0.0380

- 0.0517

- 0.0093

- 0.3138

0.0117

 Junior high school or above

0.4486**

0.0554

0.6494

0.1440

0.0077

0.0012

0.5377

0.0026

Self-reposted health (ref: fair)

 Good

- 0.1742

- 0.0109

0.1653

- 0.0072

- 0.2401

- 0.0132

0.1157

- 0.0061

 Bad

0.2450*

0.0542

- 0.0759

- 0.0165

- 0.0450

- 0.0097

- 0.0736

0.0029

Chronic disease (Ref = without)

 With chronic disease

0.4884***

0.0795

0.0495

0.0158

0.2321*

0.0446

- 0.0144

- 0.0026

Mobility (ref: without mobile difficulty)

 With any mobile difficulty

0.2982**

0.0442

- 0.1109

- 0.0196

0.4926***

0.0652

- 0.0519

- 0.0135

Depress (ref: without, CES-D scoring under 10

 With

0.0571

0.0035

- 0.1278

- 0.0018

0.1264

0.0059

- 0.1216

- 0.0029

Do any exercise in past two weeks (ref: not)

 Doing any exercise

0.0309

0.0071

0.0856

0.0024

0.1562

0.0342

0.0910

0.0125

Location in Taiwan (ref: Central region)

 Eastern and offshore Islands

- 0.5468**

- 0.0065

- 0.3199

0.0083

0.1906

0.0022

- 0.1516

- 0.0013

 Northern

- 0.0741

- 0.0111

0.1878

- 0.0084

0.0846

0.0133

0.1880

0.0100

 Southern

- 0.2021

- 0.0214

- 0.0920

0.0079

0.0178

0.0020

- 0.0836

- 0.0007

Physician numbers per 10,000 populations in area a (Ref = 2)

 1

−0.2362*

−0.0298

- 0.1353

0.0161

0.0361

0.0024

0.1118

0.0011

 3

−0.2903**

−0.0322

0.3065

- 0.0394

0.1137

0.0196

0.1275

0.0100

  1. Outpatient visit: whether the participant had an outpatient visit in the past 1 month
  2. Ref: reference group
  3. Lpinco: log of equivalent income (TW$, 2009)
  4. aRatio: 1 for fewer than 70 physicians; 2 for 71–90 physicians; 3 for 91 or more physicians
  5. *Statistically significant at the 95% level (p < 0.05);
  6. **Statistically significant at the 99% level (p < 0.01);
  7. *** Statistically significant at the 99.9% level (p < 0.001)