Table 2 Details of annual cost in US$ by socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants
From: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study
Variables | Direct cost | Indirect cost | Total cost | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Median (percentiles) | Mean | Median (percentiles) | Mean | Median (percentiles) | |
Genderb | ||||||
 Male | 795.2 | 456.1 (273.6, 893.4) | 81.6 | 19.5 (0, 62.5) | 876.9 | 497.9 (292.0, 977.3) |
 Female | 765.7 | 446.6 (278.8, 905.2) | 84.4 | 52.1 (16.1, 93.7) | 850.1 | 516.89 (332.7, 988.3) |
Age (years)c | ||||||
  ≤ 40 | 519.6 | 331.1 (205.4, 564.9) | 68.8 | 41.6 (18.48, 72.91) | 588.4 | 385.7 (241.0, 616.2) |
 41–60 | 738.7 | 421.1 (270.3, 784.7) | 103.0 | 52.1 (19.5, 104.2) | 841.8 | 476.2 (310.1, 860.1) |
 61–80 | 934.9 | 587.4 (337.1, 1168.9) | 56.1 | 0 (0, 52.1) | 991.0 | 613.7 (351.3, 1247.3) |
  > 80 | 1376.9 | 1052.1 (682.9, 1845.5) | 57.1 | 0 (0, 0) | 1434.1 | 1133.1 (712.2, 1936.1) |
Educationc | ||||||
 Illiterate | 575.3 | 421.1 (254.1, 705.5) | 61.6 | 39.1 (3.6, 72.9) | 636.9 | 437.2 (287.5, 775.3) |
 Primary | 759.5 | 513.1 (291.3, 958.0) | 59.3 | 31.2 (0, 72.9) | 818.9 | 536.41 (323.5, 1036.1) |
 Secondary | 874.1 | 483.1 (294.7, 989.4) | 88.0 | 35.1 (0, 83.3) | 962.1 | 529.2 (333.7, 1092.1) |
 Tertiary | 733.9 | 409.4 (224.6, 831.8) | 104.5 | 41.6 (0, 91.1) | 838.4 | 452.0 (261.2, 913.5) |
Work statusc | ||||||
 Unemployed | 627.5 | 469.0 (298.7, 598.3) | 48.0 | 0 (0, 0) | 675.6 | 469.0 (298.7, 606.2) |
 Employed | 598.9 | 343.1 (217.8, 607) | 116.0 | 41.6 (18.7, 87.5) | 715.0 | 393.3 (255.3, 700.7) |
 Housewives | 798.9 | 488.3 (294.3, 936.7) | 87.0 | 52.1 (20.8, 104.1) | 885.9 | 533.6 (359.3, 1025.1) |
 Retired | 1027.0 | 617.4 (369, 1189.9) | 34.8 | 0 (0, 10.9) | 1061.9 | 644.3 (374.2, 1298.3) |
Area of residencec | ||||||
 Rural | 359.8 | 291.3 (202.4, 442.2) | 61.7 | 47.9 (11.4, 83.3) | 421.6 | 369.0 (239.6, 522.3) |
 Semi-urban | 388.3 | 295.5 (228.1, 494.6) | 48.1 | 33.2 (7.8, 70.3) | 436.5 | 353.3 (253.7, 541.1) |
 Urban | 931.3 | 545.3 (324.9, 1089.6) | 93.1 | 34.3 (0, 87.5) | 1024.4 | 590.3 (361.4, 1205.4) |
Monthly household income (US$)c | ||||||
  ≤ 250 | 739.6 | 465.5 (258.1, 846.1) | 65.2 | 31.2 (0, 78.1) | 804.9 | 499.4 (289.5, 920.3) |
 251–750 | 692.1 | 407.9 (267.6, 757.3) | 64.6 | 41.66 (1.30, 72.9) | 756.8 | 456.5 (305.2, 810.7) |
 751 and above | 986.8 | 571.8 (340.5, 1262.8) | 138.0 | 41.6 (0, 125.0) | 1124.9 | 499.4 (289.5, 920.3) |
Duration of diabetes (in year)c | ||||||
  ≤ 5 | 526.3 | 325.8 (220.8, 539.2) | 53.7 | 32.6 (10.4, 67.1) | 580.1 | 378.9 (260.2, 589.0) |
 6–10 | 645.9 | 398.0 (258.3, 691.7) | 61.4 | 41.6 (3.9, 72.9) | 707.4 | 458.1 (292.5, 760.6) |
  ≥ 11 | 1044.1 | 679.8 (378.8, 1251.3) | 116.7 | 37.5 (0, 114.5) | 1160.8 | 746.6 (418.3, 1442.5) |
Mode of treatmentc | ||||||
 OHA | 476.2 | 291.4 (209.6, 511.2) | 49.9 | 31.2 (4.0, 62.5) | 526.17 | 335.0 (238.7, 534.3) |
 Insulin | 702.6 | 441.9 (224.3, 842.3) | 67.2 | 41.6 (8.8, 83.3) | 769.89 | 477.1 (259.8, 902.8) |
 Insulin + OHA | 970.9 | 586.0 (368.9, 1129.6) | 104.2 | 41.6 (0, 104.1) | 1075.20 | 642.7 (412.4, 1223.7) |
Family history of diabetesb | ||||||
 Yes | 818.4 | 487.3 (287.0, 964.3) | 97.1 | 41.6 (9.8, 93.7) | 915.6 | 524.3 (321.7, 1100.8) |
 No | 762.4 | 441.4 (270.5, 879.9) | 75.4 | 31.2 (0, 72.9) | 837.9 | 493.1 (298.9, 954.2) |
HbA1c (%) | ||||||
 Good (≤6.9) | 527.1 | 318.9 (205.9, 513.3) | 84.5 | 31.2 (0, 65.1) | 611.7 | 367.5 (234.2, 562.8) |
 Fair (7–7.9) | 552.1 | 366.6 (242.3, 637.5) | 53.2 | 26.0 (0, 62.5) | 605.4 | 409.9 (277.8, 665.1) |
 Poor (≥8) | 567.9 | 398.9 (267.2, 633.2) | 58.5 | 36.4 (7.8, 72.9) | 626.5 | 450.4 (300.7, 717.3) |
Number of complicationa,c | ||||||
 None | 466.8 | 295.9 (207.3, 507.0) | 56.3 | 31.2 (15.6, 65.1) | 523.2 | 347.9 (237.8, 549.2) |
 One or two | 657.5 | 379.9 (261.8, 670.7) | 81.9 | 36.4 (0, 83.3) | 739.4 | 437.1 (293.5, 739.7) |
 Three or more | 1234.3 | 966.9 (511.1, 1519.8) | 117.1 | 43.7 (0,130.2) | 1351.5 | 1036.8 (547.8, 1718.5) |
History of co-morbidityc | ||||||
 None | 595.5 | 354.2 (219.8, 580.7) | 63.8 | 31.2 (10.4, 72.9) | 659.3 | 418.2 (260.7, 632.8) |
 Hypertension | 870.1 | 533.9 (317.5, 1041.9) | 94.3 | 41.6 (0, 91.1) | 964.4 | 582.4 (362.7, 1150.3) |
 Dyslipidaemia | 566.8 | 332.6 (228.1, 561.9) | 56.9 | 27.3 (9.1, 62.5) | 623.7 | 376.1 (259.6, 608.8) |
 Hypertension + dyslipidaemia | 926.9 | 534.0 (313.7, 1041.3) | 95.7 | 41.6 (0, 91.1) | 1022.6 | 587.6 (365, 1143.5) |