| |
Robustness check 1
|
Robustness check 2
|
Robustness check 3
|
|---|
|
(Alternative control group)
|
(Medium-term effects)
|
(Simplified analysis)
|
|---|
|
Outcomes
|
N
|
Adjusteda difference-in-differences (95% CI)
|
N
|
Adjusteda difference-in-differences (95% CI)
|
N
|
Adjusteda difference-in-differences (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Health status
|
|
EQ-5D-5L
|
81,924
|
−0.0266
|
(−0.0702 to 0.0171)
|
874,075
|
−0.0104
|
(−0.0550 to 0.0340)
|
874,075
|
0.0014
|
(−0.0158 to 0.0186)
|
|
Physical functioning
|
85,457
|
−0.0084
|
(−0.0460 to 0.0292)
|
919,785
|
0.0078
|
(−0.0425 to 0.0582)
|
919,785
|
0.0096
|
(−0.0076 to 0.0268)
|
|
Psychological wellbeing
|
85,923
|
−0.0150
|
(−0.0150 to 0.1124)
|
924,974
|
−0.0514
|
(−0.0705 to -0.0324)‡‡
|
924,974
|
−0.0090
|
(−0.0301 to 0.0121)
|
|
Resilience
|
86,295
|
−0.0166
|
(−0.0803 to 0.0470)
|
931,207
|
0.0161
|
(−0.0168 to 0.0489)
|
931,207
|
0.0062
|
(−0.0090 to 0.0214)
|
|
Experience of care
|
|
Person-centeredness
|
78,939
|
−0.0331
|
(−0.0566 to -0.0100)‡‡
|
854,635
|
−0.0212
|
(−0.0534 to 0.0110)
|
854,635
|
−0.0068
|
(−0.0218 to 0.0082)
|
|
Continuity of care
|
62,872
|
−0.0742
|
(−0.2108 to 0.0624)
|
622,963
|
−0.0340
|
(−0.1042 to 0.0361)
|
622,963
|
−0.0141
|
(−0.0530 to 0.0248)
|
|
Health behaviour
|
|
Smoking habit
|
87,912
|
−0.0022
|
(−0.0349 to 0.0304)
|
952,453
|
0.0220
|
(−0.0204 to 0.0644)
|
952,453
|
−0.0160
|
(−0.0344 to 0.0023)
|
|
Health care utilisation
|
|
Primary care utilisationb
|
88,595
|
−0.0402
|
(−0.1028 to 0.0223)
|
959,800
|
0.0025
|
(−0.0244 to 0.0294)
|
959,800
|
0.0064
|
(−0.0070 to 0.0197)
|
- aAdjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, employment status, number of chronic conditions, time since last GP appointment, and practice and time fixed effects
- bAdjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, employment status, number of chronic conditions, and practice and time fixed effects
- ‡p < 0.05, ‡‡p < 0.01
