Fig. 2
![Fig. 2](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12913-019-4048-7/MediaObjects/12913_2019_4048_Fig2_HTML.png)
The average growth rate of total expenditures and expenditure categories before and after the reform. Note: a Total inpatient expenditure. b Drug expenditure. c Diagnostic testing expenditure. d Physician services and therapeutic services expenditure. The formula of the average growth rate (AGR) before the reform (2007–2012) was \( {AGR}_{2007-2012}=\left(\sqrt[5]{\frac{Expenditure2012}{Expenditure2007}}-1\right)\times 100\% \). The formula of AGR after the reform (2013–2016) was \( {AGR}_{2013-2016}=\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{Expenditure2016}{Expenditure2013}}-1\right)\times 100\% \)