Subscribers’ perception of quality of services provided by Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme - what are the correlates?

Table 3 Summary statistics of variables (rural vs. urban)

Explanatory variables	Full Sample (n = 10,065)		Urban Subsample (n = 4992)		Rural Subsample (n = 5073)
Explanatory variables	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	F-statistic	P-value
Age	30.77	0.14	30.84	0.20	30.69	0.18	–	–
Perceived quality							27.91	0.00
Worse	0.34	0.01	0.39	0.02	0.28	0.01
Same	0.33	0.01	0.34	0.01	0.31	0.01
Better	0.34	0.01	0.27	0.02	0.41	0.02
Out-of-pocket payment status							10.90	0.00
Doesn’t pay+	0.58	0.01	0.55	0.01	0.62	0.02
Pays	0.42	0.01	0.45	0.01	0.38	0.02
Wealth status							187.81	0.00
Poor+	0.33	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.61	0.03
Average	0.20	0.01	0.16	0.01	0.25	0.02
Rich	0.47	0.02	0.76	0.02	0.14	0.02
Access to Media							63.38	0.00
None+	0.05	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.08	0.01
Partial	0.72	0.01	0.66	0.01	0.79	0.01
Full	0.22	0.01	0.31	0.01	0.12	(0.01
Educational status							60.07	0.00
No education+	0.16	0.01	0.09	0.01	0.24	0.02
Basic	0.15	0.01	0.11	0.01	0.20	0.01
At least secondary	0.69	0.01	0.80	0.01	0.56	0.02
Region							6.10	0.00
Greater Accra+	0.16	0.02	0.27	0.04	0.04	0.02
Western	0.12	0.02	0.10	0.02	0.14	0.03
Central	0.08	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.11	0.04
Volta	0.08	0.01	0.06	0.02	0.11	0.02
Eastern	0.10	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.11	0.02
Ashanti	0.20	0.03	0.24	0.04	0.16	0.04
Brong-Ahafo	0.10	0.01	0.09	0.02	0.10	0.02
Northern	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.13	(0.03
Upper East	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.07	0.02
Upper West	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.01
Gender							5.24	0.02
Female+	0.74	0.00	0.75	0.01	0.72	0.01
Male	0.26	0.00	0.25	0.01	0.28	0.01

All, but age, are in column proportions. Survey design accounted for in estimations. SE denotes linearized standard errors. + denotes reference category. ++ Media use in this study means access to information on the NHIS (i.e. radio, TV etc.). *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05. Source: Computed by authors from 2014 GDHS

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