Table 2 Evidence for effectiveness of anti-hypertensive medicines in NRDL of UEBMI——From systematic review and meta-analysis

  Nimodipine

oral release dosage form

Chen Q, 2014 [27]

For patients with HICH, nimodipine combined with edaravone has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, and can improve the functional rehabilitation of the nerves and effectively reduce the volumes of intracranial hematoma and peripheral edema.

Y

  Nitrendipine

oral release dosage form

Du X, 2014 [32]

In lowering blood pressure, Amlodipine is better than Nitrendipine in the cost and effect.

N

  Levamlodipine besylate

Zhao Z, 2015 [26]

Levamlodipine is more effective and safer than amlodipine in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension than, which is thus worthy of clinical application.

Y

  Felodipine

oral release dosage form, controlled release dosage form

Zhang T, 2013 [33]

In the treatment of Chinese patients with hypertension, amlodipine both in reducing systolic or diastolic pressure were better than felodipine, no statistical significance on both heart rate and adverse drug reaction differences.

N

  Felodipine II

controlled release dosage form

Zhang T, 2013 [33]

In the treatment of Chinese patients with hypertension, amlodipine both in reducing systolic or diastolic pressure were better than felodipine, no statistical significance on both heart rate and adverse drug reaction differences.

N

  Lercanidipine

oral release dosage form

Ran Y, 2015 [20]

Based on the current evidence, the safety and compliance of lercanidipine is better than amlodipine in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.

Y

  Nicardipine

injection

Jiang C, 2013 [19]

Nicardipine was safe and effective in the treatment of hypertensive emergency.

Y

  Lacidipine

oral release dosage form

Hua Q, 2014 [18]

Lacidipine has been similar to amlodipine in the treatment of essential hypertension with less adverse drug reaction.

Y

  Cilnidipine

oral release dosage form

Li S, 2012 [16]

Cilnidipine has the similar efficacy and safety compared with control group in treating essential hypertension.

Y

  Arotinolol

oral release dosage form

Du B, 2009 [21]

In treating essential hypertension, there is no significant difference in efficacy and safety between Arotinolol and control group, such as Cilnidipine, felodipine and Imidapril.

Y

  Labetalol

oral release dosage form

Magee LA, 2015 [29]

Labetalol is a reasonable choice for treatment of severe or non-severe hypertension in pregnancy

Y

  Carvedilol

oral release dosage form

Chen S, 2015 [13]

Carvedilol has a greater portal hypertensive effect than propranolol. Further comparative trials of the two drugs are required to identify the effect of MAP reduction.

Y

  Esmolol

injection

Garnockjones KP, 2012 [31]

Definitive conclusions on the efficacy of esmolol are difficult to reach, as most trials investigating esmolol have limitations such as small patient populations, and few studies investigate the same parameters.

N

  Perindopril

oral release dosage form

Gasowski J, 2010 [12]

Perindopril is an effective antihypertensive medication. Seems not to be adversely affected by the clinical profile of the patient.

Y

  Benazepril

oral release dosage form

Zhao S, 2015 [22]

Benazepril can more effectively lower the blood pressure of patients with primary hypertension than captopril.

Y

  Fosinopril

oral release dosage form

Zeng X, 2014 [11]

The curative effect of fosinopril is almost the same as calcium antagonists in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension, but superior to other types of antihypertensive drugs and shows good safety.

Y

  Enopril folic acid

oral release dosage form

Zhang Y, 2015 [23]

Enopril folic acid showed better efficacy in lowering blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular accident than Enopril.

Y

  Sodium nitroprusside

injection

Dong W, 2012 [17]

Sodium nitroprusside is effective for the treatment of hypertensive emergency, while the ADRs are acceptable.

Y

  Hydralazine

oral release dosage form

Kandler M R, 2010 [34]

Hydralazine may reduce blood pressure when compared to placebo in patients with primary hypertension, however this data is based on before and after studies, not RCTs. Furthermore, its effect on clinical outcomes remains uncertain.

N

  Irbesartan /Hydrochlorothiazide

oral release dosage form

Wu H, 2011 [24]

Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy is more effective than control group in treating essential hypertension and there is no significant difference in safety.

Y

  Valsartan /Hydrochlorothiazide

oral release dosage form

Jin J, 2013 [25]

In the treatment of primary hypertension, Valsartan /Hydrochlorothiazide combination has better anti-hypertension efficacy with less adverse drug reaction.

Y

  Compound reserpine

oral release dosage form

Hu L, 2012 [30]

Based on current research evidence, Compound reserpine tablets are safe and effective.

Y

  Compound reserpine ammonia benzene pteridine

oral release dosage form

Wu Y, 2009 [28]

Compound reserpine ammonia benzene pteridine appears to have the same effect as other anti-hypertensive drugs without having more adverse events.

Y

  Doxazosin

Ke Z, 2015 [14]

Doxazosin has affirmed effect on mild to moderate essential hypertension, with little side effect, good patient tolerance, especially for hypertension patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Y

  Urapidil

Zhou X, 2016 [15]

Urapidil and conventional vasedilator like Nitroglycerin are effective to heart failure with hypertension. For lowering blood pressure, their efficacy are equal, but for reducing patients BNP and heart rate, Urapidil is better than the other.

Y

  Reserpine

oral release dosage form

Shamon S D, 2009 [35]

Reserpine is effective in reducing SBP roughly to the same degree as other first-line antihypertensive drugs. However, we could not make definite conclusions regarding the dose-response pattern because of the small number of included trials. More RCTs are needed to assess the effects of reserpine on blood pressure and to determine the dose-related safety profile before the role of this drug in the treatment of primary hypertension can be established.

N