Table 3 Description of instruments used in outcome measures
Outcomes | Instruments description | Hypotheses |
|---|---|---|
Nursing homes’ capacity to create and sustain quality improvement | Shortell’s Organization and Management Survey had been adapted to nursing home to evaluate nursing homes’ capacity to create and sustain quality improvement by Scott [27]. The scale has 35 items, consists of 5 subscales related to communication and leadership. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.87 [27]. | H1- nursing homes’ capacity to create and sustain evidence-based quality |
Perceptions of quality of care | A single item on a 4-point Likert scale which is dichotomized as very low or rather low opposed to rather high or very high [12]. | H6&H3 - perception of quality of care |
Person-centered Care Assessment Tool | Person-centered Care Assessment Tool consists of three subscales: the extent of personalizing care, amount of organizational support, degree of environmental accessibility, Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.68 [28, 29]. | H2- staff’s perceptions of Person-centered Care |
Staff job satisfaction | Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire in short form has 20 items was used to examine satisfaction with professional life, Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.95 [30]. | H7- job satisfaction |
Staff intentions to leave | Turnover Intention Scale has 6 items and Items are scored using 4-point Likert. The Chinese version has been tested and used to assess the turnover intention of care staff. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.92 [31]. | H8- staff intention to leave |
Residents’ quality of life | The12-item Short-Form Health Survey has 8 domains include Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional, and Mental Health. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.91 [32]. | H4- residents’ quality of life |
Quality of Life in Late-Stage of Dementia has 3 factors and 11 items, with the factors being depressive mood, behavioral symptoms of discomfort, and positive behavioral signs of social interaction. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.74 [33]. |