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Nursing homes’ capacity to create and sustain quality improvement
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Shortell’s Organization and Management Survey had been adapted to nursing home to evaluate nursing homes’ capacity to create and sustain quality improvement by Scott [27]. The scale has 35 items, consists of 5 subscales related to communication and leadership. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.87 [27].
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H1- nursing homes’ capacity to create and sustain evidence-based quality
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Perceptions of quality of care
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A single item on a 4-point Likert scale which is dichotomized as very low or rather low opposed to rather high or very high [12].
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H6&H3 - perception of quality of care
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Person-centered Care Assessment Tool
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Person-centered Care Assessment Tool consists of three subscales: the extent of personalizing care, amount of organizational support, degree of environmental accessibility, Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.68 [28, 29].
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H2- staff’s perceptions of Person-centered Care
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Staff job satisfaction
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Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire in short form has 20 items was used to examine satisfaction with professional life, Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.95 [30].
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H7- job satisfaction
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Staff intentions to leave
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Turnover Intention Scale has 6 items and Items are scored using 4-point Likert. The Chinese version has been tested and used to assess the turnover intention of care staff. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.92 [31].
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H8- staff intention to leave
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Residents’ quality of life
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The12-item Short-Form Health Survey has 8 domains include Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional, and Mental Health. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.91 [32].
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H4- residents’ quality of life
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Quality of Life in Late-Stage of Dementia has 3 factors and 11 items, with the factors being depressive mood, behavioral symptoms of discomfort, and positive behavioral signs of social interaction. Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version is 0.74 [33].
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