Table 1 summary of included studies
Author | Set up | Study design | Outcome measure | Proportion for MWHs users | Proportion for non MWHs users |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
J.M. Tumwine et al. 1996 [17] | Zimbabwe | Retrospective cohort | Stillbirth | 3/280 | 16/773 |
Early neonatal mortality | 4/280 | 7/773 | |||
Maternal death | 1/277 | 3/757 | |||
Parity = 0 | 89/280 | 215/773 | |||
1–4 | 121/280 | 367 /773 | |||
> = 5 | 70/280 | 191 /773 | |||
P.Millard et al. 1991 [18] | Zimbabwe | Comparative study | Stillbirth | 9 /486 | 14 /336 |
Early Neonatal mortality | 8 /486 | 14 /336 | |||
Parity = 0 | 123 /486 | 80 /336 | |||
1–3 | 204 /486 | 137 /336 | |||
4–6 | 121 /486 | 86 /336 | |||
> = 7 | 36 /486 | 30 /336 | |||
Lonkhuijzen Luc van et al. 2003 [19] | Zambia | Retrospective cohort | Maternal death | 0 /218 | 1 /292 |
Parity =0 | 54 /218 | 31 /292 | |||
> 6 | 12 /218 | 8 /292 | |||
Andemichael Ghirmay et al. 2009 [20] | Eritrea | Before and after study | Maternal death | 0 /866 | 5 /266 |
Jody R Lori et al. 2013 [21] | Liberia | Prospective cohort | Maternal death | 3 /248 | 12 /255 |
Singh Kavita et al. 2017 [22] | Malawi | Cross sectional | Stillbirth | 3 /255 | 1 /287 |
Parity =1 | 115 /249 | 104 /288 | |||
2–3 | 73 /249 | 112 /288 | |||
> = 4 | 61 /249 | 68 /288 | |||
Age = 15–19 | 62 /259 | 45 /288 | |||
20–34 | 164 /259 | 216 /288 | |||
> = 35 | 33 /259 | 26 /288 | |||
Poovan Pia et al. 1990 [23] | Ethiopia | Retrospective cohort | Maternal death | 0 /142 | 13 /635 |
Stillbirth | 4 /142 | 161 /635 | |||
J Kelly et al. 2010 [24] | Ethiopia | Retrospective cohort | Maternal death | 6 /6805 | 187 /17343 |
Stillbirth | 120 /6805 | 3316 /17343 | |||
Parity =0 | 193 /615 | 525 /1099 | |||
1–3 | 294 /615 | 366 /1099 | |||
> = 4 | 118 /615 | 177 /1099 | |||
D.Chandramohan et al. 1994 [25] | Zimbabwe | Retrospective cohort | Maternal death | 1 /1573 | 2 /2915 |
Primiparas | 661 /1573 | 1108 /2915 | |||
Parity > 6 | 110 /1573 | 146 /2915 |