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Table 3 Model Output for T2DM

From: Valuing injection frequency and other attributes of type 2 diabetes treatments in Australia: a discrete choice experiment

Main effects

Injectable treatment

Oral treatment

Parameter

t-ratio

Parameter

t-ratio

Frequency

 Once a month

1.449

9.39

1.421

8.77

 Once a week

1.192

8.05

1.374

7.5

 Once a day

N/S

N/S

0.597

3.09

 Twice a day

reference

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reference

reference

Weight change (% body weight)

 Lose 10%

0.698

8.62

2.257

1051

 Lose 5%

1.217

8.61

1.737

7.48

 None

1.450

3.73

0.582

2.11

 Gain 5%

reference

reference

reference

reference

Needle you use to inject

 Longer / thicker (very weak pain sensation)

N/S

N/S

N/A

N/A

 Shorter / thinner (faint pain sensation)

reference

reference

reference

reference

Storage

 Keep in the fridge until first use

N/S

N/S

N/S

N/S

 No refrigeration required

reference

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reference

reference

Nausea

 None

0.641

3.74

0.610

3.93

 Mild

0.368

2.14

0.273

1.65

 Moderate

reference

reference

reference

reference

Mode of administration (device)

 Multi use pen

N/S

N/S

N/A

N/A

 Single use pen

N/S

N/S

N/A

N/A

 Single use vial and syringe

reference

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Injection site reactions / nodules

 Yes

N/S

N/S

N/A

N/A

 No

reference

reference

reference

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Hypoglycaemic events per month

 0

0.521

3.11

N/S

N/S

 1

N/S

N/S

N/S

N/S

 2

N/S

N/S

N/S

N/S

  > 2

reference

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Instructions with eating

 Taken / used within a certain time of eating

N/S

N/S

N/S

N/S

 Taken / used anytime (unrestricted)

reference

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reference

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Cost

 Cost (General)

−0.015

2.27

−0.029

−7.25

Cost

 Cost (Concession)

N/S

N/S

−0.267

−4.6

Interaction effects (oral sample)

 Weight change * (oral)

  Lose 10%

N/S

N/S

  

  Lose 5%

1.239

4.24

  

  None

0.848

3.03

  

  Gain 5%

reference

reference

  

 Cost (concession) * (oral)

  Cost * sample

  

0.207

3.48

 Sample (oral) constant

  

1.216

2.93

 Constant

  Oral constant (concession)

  

1.816

3.52

 Error components

  Injectable alternative (General)

1.446

6.36

  

  Injectable alternative (Concession)

−2.545

6.56

  
  1. Log likelihood (c): - 1438; Log likelihood (β): − 1031; Rho squared: 0.28; Number of respondents: 171; Number of choice observations: 1368
  2. Abbreviations: N/S (Not Significant), N/A (Not Applicable)