Table 2 Clinical characteristics, use of the emergency room and hospitalizations among patients with type 1 diabetes affiliated to the Mexican Institute of Social Security
N = 192 (%) | |
|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |
Age at the beginning of diabetes, years, mean (Standard Deviation -SD-) | 13.8 (6.6) |
Diabetes duration | |
< 10 years | 19.3 |
≥ 10 years < 15 years | 21.3 |
≥ 15 years < 20 years | 18.2 |
≥ 20 years | 14.2 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.1 (4.3) |
Nutritional status | |
Underweight < 18.5 kg/m2 | 3.1 |
Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 49.5 |
Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 34.9 |
Obesity (BMI of 30 or higher kg/m2) | 12.5 |
Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg (SD) | 107.0 (15.3) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 70.9 (9.6) |
HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 9.2 (2.2) |
HbA1c < 7% | 13.6 |
HbA1c > 9% | 46.6 |
Triglyceride, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 145.7 (185.2) |
Total Cholesterol, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 179.7 (46.8) |
HDL, mg/dl, mean (SD) | |
Men | N = 54: 49.1 (16.5) |
Women | N = 128: 53.2 (16.6) |
LDL, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 100.9 (35.9) |
Creatinine clearance, mL/min, mean (SD) | |
Men | N = 51: 79.4 (40.7) |
Women | N = 122: 74.4 (37.1) |
Diabetic complications | |
Number of diabetic chronic complications | |
Without diabetic chronic complications | 35.4 |
One diabetic complication | 26.0 |
Two diabetic complications | 21.4 |
Three or more diabetic complications | 17.2 |
Microvascular chronic complicationsa | 64.1 |
Nephropathy | 41.2 |
Retinopathy | 40.6 |
Neuropathy | 30.2 |
Foot ulcers and amputations | 5.7 |
Macrovascular chronic complications | 8.3 |
Severe acute diabetic complications during 2016a | 19.3 |
Severe hypoglycemia | 11.9 |
Ketoacidosis | 8.3 |
Comorbidity | |
Hypertension | 29.7 |
Depression | 5.7 |
Other | 50.5 |
Insulin therapy | |
Insulin monotherapy | 16.1 |
Combination of intermediate and fast acting insulin | 47.4 |
Combination of fast-acting and long-acting insulin | 36.5 |
Number of consultations with endocrinologist, mean (SD) | 3.14 (1.5) |
Use of the emergency room and hospitalizations during 2016 | |
Visits to the emergency room | |
0 | 61.0 |
1 | 23.4 |
2 | 10.9 |
≥ 3 | 4.7 |
Causes of the emergency room visitsa | N = 75 |
Hyperglycemia | 29.3 |
Hypoglycemia | 26.7 |
Acute nephritic syndrome | 6.7 |
Acute urinary infection | 6.7 |
Other causes related to diabetes | 2.7 |
Causes not related to diabetes | 28.0 |
Number of hospital admissions | N = 192 |
0 | 66.1 |
1 | 21.9 |
2 | 5.7 |
≥ 3 | 6.3 |
Causes of hospitalizationsa | N = 65 |
Hyperglycemia | 24.6 |
Ketoacidosis | 21.5 |
Hypoglycemia | 13.8 |
Due to chronic diabetes complications | 26.2 |
Causes not related to diabetes | 13.8 |
Duration of hospitalizations, days, mean (SD) | 10.7 (10.1) |