The role of health literacy in explaining the association between educational attainment and the use of out-of-hours primary care services in chronically ill people: a survey study

Table 5 Adjusted coefficients (B) for bivariate associations between education and HLQ scales^a, linear regression

	Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers (n = 1676)	Having sufficient information to manage my health (n = 1672)	Actively managing my health (n = 1682)	Social support for health (n = 1670)	Appraisal of health information (n = 1656)	Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers (n = 1642)	Navigating the healthcare system (n = 1651)	Ability to find good health information (n = 1642)	Understanding health information well enough to know what to do (n = 1642)
	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b	B (95% CI)^b
Education^c
intermediate	0.04 (−0.02; 0.09)	0.05 (0.01; 0.10)*	0.01 (−0.04; 0.06)	−0.01 (− 0.06; 0.05)	0.02 (− 0.03; 0.08)	0.14 (0.07; 0.21)***	0.16 (0.09; 0.23)***	0.20 (0.13; 0.27)***	0.20 (0.14; 0.26)***
High	0.04 (−0.02; 0.11)	0.09 (0.03; 0.14)**	0.00 (−0.06; 0.06)	0.01 (−0.06; 0.05)	0.09 (0.03; 0.15)**	0.29 (0.21; 0.37)***	0.25 (0.17; 0.33)***	0.34 (0.26; 0.42)***	0.39 (0.32; 0.46)***

^a All models are adjusted for age (continuous), sex (ref male), household status (ref living alone), number of chronic diseases (ref one chronic disease), and illness duration
^b P-value * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001, significant results printed in bold
^c Reference is low education

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