Table 1 Definitions for Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) Domains

Innovation characteristics

Innovation characteristics include the innovation itself, evidence strength and quality, relative advantage, complexity, design quality and packaging, etc. The innovation in this context is the implementation support strategy. For the purpose of this project, we will measure two characteristics of the implementation support strategy: complexity and relative advantage.

Characteristics of the individual implementer

Characteristics of clinicians and staff in a given practice who implement the support strategy include knowledge and understanding of the strategy, mindfulness, and personal attributes such as attitude, motivation, values, competency capacity, and learning style.

Inner setting

Organizational structure and mechanisms describe practices’ teamwork and communications, organizational culture, climate and readiness for implementation. Organizational climate illustrates practices’ tension for change, relative priority, incentives and rewards, goals and feedback, and learning.

Environment

The environment takes into account the location where the practice is situated, and the practice’s relationships with other organizations such as membership in a quality improvement network, health system, or professional society.

Process of implementation

The implementation process involves 4 stages: planning, engaging, executing, and reflecting and evaluating. Practices will work with ADs and PFs to select scheme, methods, and tasks for implementing the ABCS during the planning stage. The planning is followed by engaging the opinion leaders, internal implementation leaders, champions, and external change agents. The implementation plan is executed and evaluated with quantitative and qualitative feedback about the progress and quality of implementation.