Opposite trends in hospitalization and mortality after implementation of a chronic care model-based regional program for the management of patients with heart failure in primary care

Table 4 Survival analysis

	Hazard ratio	95% CI	P value
CCM status	0.82	0.75-0.91	< 0.0001
Age class^a
75-85	1.89	1.67-2.15	< 0.0001
> 85	3.59	3.14-4.09	< 0.0001
Female gender	0.87	0.79-0.95	0.0020
Charlson index	1.39	1.31-1.48	< 0.0001
Treatment at enrolment
ACE-inhibitors or ARBs	0.77	0.68-0.86	< 0.0001
Beta-blockers	0.81	0.74-0.89	< 0.0001
Diuretics	1.98	1.67-2.34	< 0.0001
Geographic area	1.01	0.98-1.03	0.62
Previous HF hospitalization	1.12	1.02-1.22	0.015

Predictors of death in the overall study population, as identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis. ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, CCM chronic care model, CI confidence interval
^aHazard ratios calculated vs age < 75 as a reference

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