Disaster impacts on cost and utilization of Medicare

Table 4 Fixed-Effects Model Estimates for Medicare Utilization

	IP Covered Days Per 1000 Beneficiaries		IRF Covered Days Per 1000 Beneficiaries		HH Visits Per 1000 Beneficiaries
	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Average age of beneficiary	19.00^***	11.38,26.62	0.05	−1.98,2.08	65.42^*	1.71,129.14
Female, %	7.13	−0.15,14.41	−0.66	−2.63,1.30	−42.35	−103.35,18.65
African American, %	4.95	−1.15,11.04	−0.05	−1.65,1.56	50.40	−0.55,101.36
Eligible for Medicaid, %	20.80^***	18.49,23.11	0.61	−0.01,1.22	30.42^**	11.09,49.75
People below poverty line, %	0.58	−1.16,2.33	−0.15	−0.61,0.31	−3.31	−17.91,11.29
2009	−94.16^***	−101.24,-87.08	0.48	−1.40,2.35	246.53^***	187.33,305.73
2010	− 141.42^***	− 149.29,-133.56	−3.37^**	−5.45,-1.28	283.53^***	217.72,349.34
2011	−195.97^***	− 205.01,-186.93	−3.93^**	−6.33,-1.53	91.86^*	16.21,167.50
2012	−274.42^***	− 284.06,-264.78	−5.92^***	−8.48,-3.37	−50.86	−131.58,29.85
Hazard Exposure
Some	−1.95	−8.08,4.18	1.48	−0.14,3.11	36.73	−14.50,87.96
High	−17.36^**	−30.54,-4.18	4.90^**	1.44,8.36	0.47	−109.72,110.65
Extreme	−1.48	−13.74,10.77	0.19	−3.00,3.39	−131.73^*	− 234.20,-29.26
Previous year Hazard Exposure
Some	0.74	−5.26,6.74	0.02	−1.56,1.61	34.07	−16.10,84.23
High	−18.15^**	−30.64,-5.66	3.48^*	0.21,6.75	−40.13	− 144.54,64.28
Extreme	16.05^*	2.91,29.19	−2.02	−5.46,1.41	30.88	−78.99,140.75
Constant	− 423.82	− 1047.32,199.68	162.17	−3.45,327.79	− 194.18	− 5410.22,5021.86
Observations	7695		7387		7689
R ²	0.553		0.013		0.042

ISSN: 1472-6963