Very low coverage | Low user | Middle user | Emerging user | Second-highest user | High user | p-values | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N: total | 432 | 292 | 481 | 663 | 545 | 414 | |
N: placed vs. unplaced | 71 vs. 361 | 71 vs. 221 | 140 vs. 341 | 172 vs. 491 | 186 vs. 359 | 97 vs. 317 | |
Column % | |||||||
Age at the first eligibility for the program | |||||||
18–34 years | 20 | 9 | 19 | 21 | 11 | 12 | < 0.01 |
35–44 years | 19 | 23 | 27 | 28 | 25 | 32 | |
45–54 years | 34 | 41 | 32 | 37 | 44 | 43 | |
≥ 55 years | 27 | 28 | 21 | 14 | 20 | 13 | |
Gender | |||||||
Female | 23 | 24 | 37 | 27 | 38 | 28 | < 0.01 |
Male | 77 | 76 | 63 | 73 | 62 | 72 | |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||
Non-Hispanic white | 17 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 11 | < 0.01 |
Non-Hispanic black | 58 | 58 | 56 | 51 | 45 | 58 | |
Hispanic | 22 | 22 | 27 | 29 | 36 | 29 | |
Others | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
Education | |||||||
Less than a high school diploma | 43 | 38 | 45 | 43 | 50 | 56 | < 0.01 |
High school diploma or higher | 54 | 58 | 53 | 54 | 47 | 43 | |
Others | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |
Current substance use pattern | |||||||
Never | 73 | 64 | 77 | 76 | 80 | 67 | < 0.01 |
Less than weekly or once a week | 8 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 11 | |
Several times per week | 8 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | |
Daily | 8 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | |
Unknown | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | |
Currently participating in a substance use treatment course | 9 | 9 | 11 | 22 | 43 | 36 | < 0.01 |
Past psychiatric hospitalization | 28 | 27 | 28 | 30 | 30 | 43 | < 0.01 |
Currently receiving supplemental security income/disability | 28 | 51 | 43 | 26 | 53 | 50 | < 0.01 |
Diagnoses with mental illness except for substance use disorders | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0.74 |
Diagnosed with substance use disorders | 48 | 49 | 43 | 48 | 56 | 69 | < 0.01 |
Number activities of daily living for which require assistance | |||||||
0 | 70 | 70 | 76 | 78 | 73 | 69 | < 0.01 |
1 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
2+ | 14 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 14 | |
Mean (standard deviation) | |||||||
Total Medicaid costs during 2 years prior to baseline | $6538 (18,831) | $24,504 (39,554) | $20,349 (19,700) | $32,042 (32,975) | $56,683 (34,390) | $149,203 (97,882) | |
Specific Medicaid costs during 2 years prior to baselinea | |||||||
Outpatient care | $799 (2269) | $2039 (3505) | $3120 (3921) | $6134 (8576) | $16,170 (12,137) | $17,255 (18,254) | |
Inpatient care | $4583 (17,523) | $18,116 (36,986) | $9014 (17,980) | $17,430 (29,223) | $19,131 (30,993) | $88,800 (92,682) | |
Emergency department visits | $134 (360) | $528 (1102) | $531 (1030) | $771 (1219) | $1167 (2410) | $2342 (4782) | |
Prescription drugs | $396 (1415) | $1343 (2943) | $2313 (3064) | $3857 (6253) | $11,222 (10,156) | $22,664 (28,724) | |
Medicaid coverage days during 2 years prior to baseline | 104 (107) | 650 (101) | 589 (144) | 385 (114) | 648 (100) | 641 (102) |