From: Real-world costs of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the Nordics
Costs in SEK, mean (95% CI) | CKD 1–3 (n = 64) | CKD 4–5 (n = 55) | Dialysis (n = 61) | Transplant (n = 63) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct costs | 28,820 (16,123–50,689) | 48,624 (36,718–65,151) | 712,482 (668,060–766,530) | 173,199 (135,833–218,165) | <0.0001 |
Hospitalisations | 3812 (1297–8456) | 9840 (3871–19,716) | 41,015 (27,561–57,668) | 19,223 (9717–32,319) | <0.0001 |
Outpatient care visits | 5878 (4291–7943) | 10,457 (8193–14,512) | 16,221 (11871–21,402) | 16,288 (12,728–21,120) | <0.0001 |
Primary care visits | 1178 (589–2088) | 2056 (539–5484) | 865 (124–2225) | 598 (120–1077) | .5094 |
Surgical procedures | 3349 (187–10,713) | 7135 (1620–15,769) | 31,431 (16,065–51,975) | 8131 (3603–14,557) | <0.0001 |
Diagnostic tests | 2847 (2244–3509) | 5810 (4535–7332) | 25,140 (21,308–29,294) | 10,987 (8119–14,700) | <0.0001 |
Home care/medical assistance | 9442 (37–27,461) | 675 (47–1850) | 10,525 (3734–20,134) | 2359 (263–7537) | .0002 |
Routine dialysis care | – | – | 488,009 (461940–511,484) | 15,901 (4185–32,472) | <0.0001 |
Haemodialysis transportation | – | – | 37,145 (30,444–43,657) | 269 (0–1344) | <0.0001 |
Drug use | 2313 (1333–3490) | 12,651 (9110–16,825) | 62,131 (54,647–71,169) | 99,443 (80,719–125,735) | <0.0001 |
Antihypertensives | 419 (341–513) | 666 (556–784) | 503 (415–603) | 583 (451–756) | .0282 |
Phosphate binders | – | 1244 (598–1996) | 9788 (7577–12,262) | 472 (108–1151) | <0.0001 |
ESAs | 63 (0–257) | 3535 (1350–6252) | 24,450 (20,476–27,892) | 3622 (1533–6409) | <0.0001 |
Analgesics for kidney pain | 14 (5–26) | 102 (28–255) | 78 (21–193) | 15 (2–37) | .1032 |
Vitamin D analogues | 1776 (824–2952) | 6162 (4613–7852) | 11,792 (10,796–12,592) | 4069 (2756–5544) | <0.0001 |
Immunosupressants | – | – | 3579 (291–8847) | 90,205 (72,049–117,127) | <0.0001 |
Other drugs | 41 (10–95) | 942 (135–2184) | 11,941 (9447–14,436) | 477 (202–909) | <0.0001 |
Indirect costs | 64,259 (39,484–92,072) | 128,541 (90,007–169,626) | 124,957 (85,289–162,184) | 112,688 (77,160–150,663) | .0438 |
Productivity loss | 63,963 (39,446–91,997) | 126,019 (88,140–165,959) | 115,458 (77,012–150,462) | 111,658 (75,795–149,420) | .1842 |
Informal care | 296 (0–887) | 2522 (864–5088) | 9499 (3762–19,266) | 1031 (410–1871) | <0.0001 |
Total costs | 93,079 (64,756–125,857) | 177,165 (131,147–227,131) | 837,438 (771,457–903,231) | 285,887 (228,017–352,229) | <0.0001 |