Table 7 Annual costs in euro (Finland)

Direct costs

3676 (2223–6190)

5883 (4588–7701)

64,811 (60,460–70,417)

20,305 (16,228–25,166)

<0.0001

Hospitalisations

507 (172–1125)

1309 (515–2611)

5455 (3666–7670)

2557 (1283–4299)

<0.0001

Outpatient care visits

1159 (843–1569)

2057 (1606–2871)

3203 (2329–4230)

3197 (2502–4155)

<0.0001

Primary care visits

237 (117–403)

414 (84–1097)

174 (50–548)

121 (48–265)

.5094

Surgical procedures

249 (15–794)

511 (154–1098)

2562 (1211–5119)

1009 (435–1956)

<0.0001

Diagnostic tests

191 (125–263)

237(166–321)

659 (511–843)

354 (251–496)

<0.0001

Home care/medical assistance

1048 (4–3049)

74 (5–204)

1093 (384–2044)

260 (28–837)

.0002

Routine dialysis care

–

–

42,900 (40,609–44,964)

1398 (368–2810)

<0.0001

Haemodialysis transportation

–

–

4090 (3184–5080)

13 (0–25)

<0.0001

Drug use

284 (175–419)

1281 (1008–1600)

4675 (4040–5512)

11,396 (9404–13,944)

<0.0001

 Antihypertensives

68 (54–86)

113 (95–132)

73 (60–86)

96 (78–117)

.0020

 Phosphate binders

–

225 (103–362)

1266 (1006–1554)

65 (15–148)

<0.0001

 ESAs

4 (0–15)

204 (78–361)

1413 (1181–1611)

209 (89–370)

<0.0001

 Analgesics for kidney pain

3 (1–7)

14 (5–30)

12 (4–25)

4 (0–12)

.1329

 Vitamin D analogues

198 (93–335)

689 (516–878)

1318 (1207–1407)

455 (310–620)

<0.0001

 Immunosupressants

–

–

440 (26–1076)

10,469 (8516–12,955)

<0.0001

 Other drugs

10 (3–27)

36 (17–61)

154 (126–183)

99 (48–171)

<0.0001

Indirect costs

4863 (2986–7132)

9904 (6738–13,319)

7674 (5195–10,042)

7585 (5125–10,494)

.0925

Productivity loss

4835 (2959–7104)

9667 (6586–13,018)

6783 (4586–8815)

7488 (5058–10,382)

.2742

Informal care

28 (0–83)

237 (79–475)

891 (353–1807)

97 (38–176)

<0.0001

Total costs

8539 (6042–11,631)

15,787 (12,006–20,008)

72,486 (67,053–79,025)

27,890 (22,669–33,722)

<0.0001