Table 3 Findings of included studies
Reference | Country | Clinical field | Design | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Transitional care interventions | ||||
Abad-Corpa et al. 2013 [18] | Spain | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Quasiexperimental design | Variables related to readmission, level of knowledge about the therapeutic regime, quality of life, satisfaction with nursing care |
Baldwin, Black & Hammond, 2014 [19] | US | Chronic diseases | Case study | 30-day readmission |
Blue et al. 2001 [30] | UK | Chronic heart failure (CHF) | Randomized controlled trial | Death from all causes or hospital admission for heart failure at one year, death or hospital admission for any reason, hospital admission for worsening chronic heart failure, all-cause admission to hospital, number of patients admitted, number of admissions, days spent in hospital |
Brand et al. 2004 [32] | Australia | General medical patient aged ≥ 65 years with either a history of readmissions to acute care or multiple medical comorbidities | Quasiexperimental design | Unplanned acute care readmissions (representation and hospitalization for 24 h) and emergency department presentations (discharge < 24 h after presentation) at 3 and 6 months after discharge from the index admission |
Cline et al. 1998 [31] | Sweden | Heart failure (HF) | Randomized controlled trial | Hospitalization data in survivors at one year, treatment at one year follow-up |
Coleman et al. 2004 [28] | US | Community-dwelling adults 65 years or older with stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, medical or surgical back conditions, hip fracture, peripheral vascular disease, or cardiac arrhythmias | Randomized controlled trial | Complicated post hospital episode; rehospitalization within 30, 90, 180 days; Emergency room (ER) or observation unit visit within 30, 90, 180 days; time to first rehospitalization, time to first ER or observation unit visit |
Coleman et al. 2006 [29] | US | Community-dwelling adults 65 years or older with stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, spinal stenosis, hip fracture, peripheral vascular disease, deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism | Randomized controlled trial | Rate of nonelective rehospitalization at 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after discharge; rehospitalization for same diagnosis as index hospitalization at 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after discharge |
Farrero et al. 2001 [24] | Spain | COPD | Randomized controlled trial | Emergency, admissions, hospital stay |
Harrison et al. 2002 [23] | Canada | HF | Randomized controlled trial | Health-related quality of life (MLHFQ, SF-36), rates of readmission, emergency room use |
Jeangsawang et al. 2012 [27] | Thailand | Patients with complicated healthcare needs or a high risk of poor postdischarge outcomes | Mixed-method design | Postdischarge functional ability, health-related complications, emergency room visits, hospital readmissions, time between hospital discharge and first readmission and length of rehospitalization stays, family member satisfaction |
Ledwidge et al. 2005 [22] | Ireland | HF | Randomized controlled trial | Mortality rates, HF-related admission rate |
Linden & Butterworth, 2014 [20] | US | HF and COPD | Randomized controlled trial | 30 and 90 day readmission incidence rates, ER visits incidence rates, mortality rates |
Naylor et al. 2004 [26] | US | HF | Randomized controlled trial | Time to first rehospitalization or death, number of rehospitalization, quality of life, functional status, costs, and satisfaction with care |
Rauh et al. 1999 [21] | US | CHF | Retrospective analysis | Length of stay, admission and readmission rates, costs to the patient and provider |
Williams et al. 2010 [25] | UK | CHF | Quasiexperimental design | Readmission, length of stay, patient satisfaction |
Specialized care setting | ||||
Akosah et al. 2002 [34] | US | CHF | Chart review | Hospital readmissions at 30 and 90 days and 1 year; risk reduction; time to hospital readmission, additional hospital admissions; mortality at 90 days and 1 year; event free survival |
Atienza et al. 2004 [35] | Spain | High-risk of HF | Randomized controlled trial | Rate of events per observation year, rate of readmitted patients per observation year, for CHF, not for CHF, rate of readmissions per observation year, for CHF, not for CHF, rate of deaths per observation year |
de la Porte et al. 2007 [36] | The Netherlands | HF | Randomized controlled trial | Hospitalization for CHF or death, death (all causes), days in hospital |
Hanumanthu et al. 1997 [37] | US | HF | Retrospective analysis | Hospitalization rate, exercise capacity |
Hospital versus nonhospital care | ||||
Chiu et al. 2001 [38] | Taiwan | Stroke patients with severe physical disabilities | Case-control study | Changes in Activities of Daily Living scores (ADL) scores, family costs for caregiving |
Grunfeld et al. 1999 [43] | UK | Breast cancer | Randomized controlled trial | Patient satisfaction |
Luttik et al. 2014 [41] | The Netherlands | CHF | Case-control study | Guideline adherence, patient adherence, number of deaths, hospital readmission, unplanned hospital readmissions |
Moalosi et al. 2003 [39] | Africa | Chronically ill tuberculosis patients | Case-control study | Outcome (died during treatment, completed treatment, defaulted, transferred out), average cost per patient treated |
Ricauda et al. 2008 [40] | Italy | COPD | Randomized controlled trial | Mortality, readmission to hospital, length of stay, depression, quality of life, cost per patient per day |
Sadatsafavi et al. 2013 [42] | Canada | Asthma | Chart review | Direct asthma-related medical cost, rate of readmission, asthma related outpatient service use, rate of short-acting β-agonist dispensation, days covered with a controller medication |
Shi et al. 2015 [33] | China | Hypertension or diabetes | Case-control study | Quality and value of care, access, continuity, coordination, comprehensiveness, satisfaction, cost concerns, and health improvement |
Vliet Vlieland et al. 1997 [44] | The Netherlands | Rheumatoid arthritis | Randomized controlled trial | Swollen and tender joint counts, patients’ assessment of pain, patients’ and the physicians’ assessments of disease activity, ESR, HAQ |
Experiences and expectations of patients | ||||
Cowie et al. 2009 [46] | UK | Arthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Qualitative interview study | Longitudinal and relational continuity, management continuity between organizations, access and flexibility |
Dossa et al. 2012 [55] | US | 70 years or older, two or more chronic conditions or mobility impairments | Qualitative longitudinal interview study | Communication |
Ireson et al. 2009 [48] | US | CHF, diabetes, COPD, colon cancer, or breast cancer | Qualitative interview study | Preparation for specialist visit, patient’s experience during the specialist visit, trust of physician |
Naithani et al. 2006 [45] | UK | Diabetes | Qualitative interview study | Experienced longitudinal continuity, experienced flexible continuity, experienced team and crossboundary continuity |
Williams 2004 [47] | Australia | Multiple chronic conditions | Qualitative phenomenological study | Perceptions of quality of care of acute care services |