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Table 3 Multivariate multilevel logistic regression for a combination of processes of care and clinical targets

From: A combination of process of care and clinical target among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in general medical clinics and specialist diabetes clinics at hospital levels

Factor

Processes of care

Clinical targets

A combination

HbA1c exam

LDL-C exam

Eye exam

Foot exam

AllFACE

HbA1c

BP

LDL-C

AllABC

All7Q

Num7Q

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

ARR (95% CI)

Specialist clinics

3.60 (2.23–5.80)

0.97 (0.63–1.51)

1.14 (0.88–1.48)

1.87 (1.40–2.51)

1.89 (1.42–2.53)

0.94 (0.72–1.23)

1.41 (1.12–1.76)

1.24 (0.98–1.58)

1.25 (0.86–1.82)

1.22 (0.74–2.00)

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

Female

-

-

1.20 (1.12–1.29)

1.12 (1.04–1.21)

1.11 (1.03–1.21)

0.88 (0.82–0.96)

1.21 (1.14–1.29)

0.74 (0.69–0.79)

0.91 (0.80–1.03)

-

-

Age [10 years]

-

0.96 (0.91–1.02)

-

-

-

1.42 (1.36–1.48)

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

1.04 (1.01–1.08)

1.32 (1.23–1.41)

1.31 (1.21–1.42)

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

Buddhism

-

1.08 (0.77–1.52)

-

-

1.15 (0.90–1.48)

1.17 (0.93–1.49)

-

1.40 (1.14–1.73)

1.30 (0.86–1.96)

-

-

Duration [5 years]

-

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

1.10 (1.05–1.14)

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

0.68 (0.65–0.71)

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

0.84 (0.78–0.90)

0.87 (0.79–0.96)

-

Hypertension

-

1.17 (1.05–1.32)

-

 

0.68 (0.33–1.02)

1.25 (1.15–1.36)

0.50 (0.47–0.53)

1.09 (1.01–1.18)

0.90 (0.78–1.03)

-

-

Scheme

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

-

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

-

-

Civil servant

1.11 (0.99–1.25)

1.11 (0.96–1.28)

0.85 (0.78–0.94)

0.76 (0.69–0.84)

0.86 (0.77–0.95)

1.23 (1.11–1.36)

-

1.08 (0.98–1.18)

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

-

-

Social security

1.01 (0.80–1.28)

0.77 (0.58–1.04)

0.88 (0.73–1.07)

0.81 (0.66–1.01)

0.78 (0.61–0.98)

1.08 (0.86–1.35)

-

0.93 (0.77–1.13)

1.01 (0.69–1.48)

-

-

Other

1.07 (0.97–1.18)

1.03 (0.89–1.18)

1.11 (1.01–1.21)

1.04 (0.94–1.15)

1.09 (0.99–1.21)

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

-

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

1.05 (0.89–1.24)

-

-

BMI [kg/m2]

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

18.5–22.9

0.97 (0.79–1.20)

1.01 (0.77–1.31)

1.26 (1.04–1.51)

1.15 (0.95–1.40)

1.20 (0.97–1.48)

1.00 (0.82–1.23)

0.85 (0.72–1.00)

0.86 (0.72–1.03)

1.01 (0.75–1.37)

1.10 (0.72–1.68)

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

23.0–24.9

1.12 (0.91–1.39)

1.16 (0.89–1.52)

1.26 (1.05–1.52)

1.22 (1.00–1.49)

1.27 (1.02–1.58)

0.90 (0.74–1.12)

0.67 (0.56–0.79)

0.80 (0.67–0.96)

0.82 (0.60–1.11)

0.85 (0.55–1.31)

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

25.0–29.9

1.08 (0.88–1.32)

1.09 (0.84–1.41)

1.26 (1.05–1.51)

1.12 (0.92–1.36)

1.23 (1.00–1.52)

0.80 (0.66–0.99)

0.55 (0.47–0.65)

0.79 (0.67–0.95)

0.74 (0.54–0.99)

0.79 (0.52–1.20)

0.96 (0.92–1.00)

> = 30.0

1.10 (0.88–1.38)

1.22 (0.91–1.62)

1.35 (1.11–1.64)

1.27 (1.03–1.57)

1.45 (1.16–1.81)

0.82 (0.67–1.03)

0.42 (0.35–0.50)

0.75 (0.62–0.90)

0.60 (0.42–0.85)

0.66 (0.41–1.06)

0.94 (0.90–0.99)

Hospital type

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

Provincial

0.36 (0.12–1.03)

0.52 (0.20–1.37)

0.50 (0.19–1.32)

0.40 (0.13–1.21)

0.15 (0.05–0.43)

0.95 (0.62–1.48)

0.72 (0.50–1.03)

0.81 (0.57–1.14)

0.85 (0.50–1.42)

0.39 (0.17–0.88)

0.93 (0.86–0.99)

Community

0.34 (0.13–0.87)

0.57 (0.24–1.37)

0.25 (0.11–0.60)

1.24 (0.47–3.32)

0.20 (0.08–0.50)

0.84 (0.56–1.26)

1.29 (0.93–1.79)

0.77 (0.56–1.05)

1.02 (0.64–1.64)

0.43 (0.20–0.91)

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

HospitalaClinics

p < 0.001

p = 0.36

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.8

p < 0.001

p < 0.05

p = 0.07

p = 0.36

p = 0.09

SDCs: Provincial

0.59 (0.34–1.03)

1.00 (0.56–1.76)

1.83 (1.23–2.73)

2.72 (1.73–4.27)

2.83 (1.66–4.81)

0.99 (0.67–1.46)

1.10 (0.81–1.50)

1.03 (0.73–1.45)

0.88 (0.51–1.51)

1.68 (0.75–3.72)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

SDCs: Community

0.26 (0.15–0.47)

1.38 (0.79–2.43)

2.20 (1.45–3.33)

1.19 (0.76–1.87)

1.28 (0.78–2.11)

1.09 (0.76–1.56)

0.58 (0.44–0.78)

0.70 (0.52–0.95)

0.59 (0.36–0.95)

1.00 (0.48–2.08)

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

  1. aGeneral medical clinics are as reference category
  2. Abbreviations: n number, AOR adjusted odd ratio, ARR adjusted relative risk, CI confident interval, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, BP blood pressure, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ABC A-HbA1c, B- BP, C-LDL-C, GMCs general medical clinics, SDCs specialist diabetes clinics, CSMB civil servant medical benefit, BMI, body mass index