National government level | No of Studies (%) | |
1 | Registration and regulation of the private sector [11, 22, 28, 31, 45, 52] Involvement of wide range of healthcare providers [11, 22, 27] | 9 (22.5%) |
2 | Standardized reporting procedures with roles and responsibilities clearly stated [11, 22, 31, 33, 46, 51, 57] Unified recording and reporting system [48] | 8 (20%) |
3 | Financial (earmarked funds for private sector) and human resource assistance from public sector [17, 31, 52, 55] and funds for training [14, 21, 23, 40] | 8 (20%) |
4 | Establish surveillance legislation/legal frameworks [17, 33, 34] | 6 (15%) |
5 | Credit point system for participation [33, 36, 49] Comparable measurable performance indicators and audits [30, 32, 51] | 6 (15%) |
6 | 5 (12.5%) | |
7 | 3 (7.5%) | |
District and local administrative level | ||
1 | Staff and practitioner training [14, 15, 21, 25, 28,29,30,31, 33, 34, 36, 46, 48,49,50,51,52, 55, 57, 60] | 25 (62.5%) |
2 | Dissemination of information, IEC materials, mass communication campaigns [16, 29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 40, 50, 52, 57, 60] | 11 (27.5%) |
3 | Establish and strengthen formal collaborations [27, 45] Communication with practitioners [30, 32, 33, 43] Leadership [59] | 9 (22.5%) |
4 | 7 (17.5%) | |
5 | IMA (interface organizations assistance) [25, 29, 31, 48, 55] | 5 (12.5%) |
6 | Provide reporting forms/appropriate softwares [33, 45, 49] [26] | 4 (10%) |
Surveillance program level | ||
1 | Feedback (summary bulletins, review meetings etc.) [11, 16, 17, 26, 27, 31, 45, 46, 52] Acknowledgement of efforts [14] | 10 (25%) |
2 | Supportive supervision and visits onsite [25, 27, 33, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52] | 9 (22.5%) |
3 | Financial incentives [16, 17, 27, 29, 40, 51] Reward and penalty system [53] Non cash incentives [14] | 8 (20%) |
4 | Allow diverse reporting mechanisms to overcome perceived barriers [11, 30, 33, 37, 53, 58] | 6 (15%) |
5 | 5 (12.5%) | |
6 | Personal contact/ relationship and trust building [27, 33, 34, 37, 46] | 5 (12.5%) |