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Table 4 Level of trust, sense of danger, and sense of aversion toward drugs (including over-the-counter drugs and supplements) and ‘excessive threshold’

From: Factors associated with medication amounts considered excessive among university students: a questionnaire survey of pharmacy students and those in non-medical schools

  

Mean (SD)

F value

Effect size

Observed power (1-β)

Do you think medicine is reliable? [n (%)]

 

Extremely reliable [229 (24.5)]

Reliable [669 (71.6)]

Somewhat reliable [27 (2.9)]

Not reliable [9 (1.0)]

   

Tablets

4.44 (1.82)

4.15 (1.55)

3.70 (1.14)

4.67 (2.87)

4.070*

f = 0.09

0.72

Types of medications

4.19 (1.37)a,b

3.96 (1.20)a

3.46 (0.95)b

3.67 (1.50)

5.616**

f = 0.11

0.86

Do you think medicine is dangerous? [n (%)]

 

Extremely dangerous [118 (12.6)]

Dangerous [604 (64.7)]

Somewhat dangerous [202 (21.6)]

Not dangerous [10 (1.1)]j

   

Tablets

4.39 (1.75)

4.12 (1.40)

4.35 (2.09)

5.40 (1.96)

2.080

-

-

Types of medications

4.00 (1.32)

3.97 (1.24)

4.04 (1.26)

4.60 (0.97)

0.258

-

-

Do you have an aversion to taking medicine? [n (%)]

 

Extremely dislike [25 (2.7)]

Dislike [287 (30.7)]

Mildly dislike [431 (46.1)]

No dislike [191 (20.4)]

   

Tablets

4.20 (2.75)

3.90 (1.61)c, d

4.23 (1.45)c, e

4.67 (1.77)d, e

7.859***

f = 0.17

1

Types of medications

3.56 (1.08)f

3.68 (1.12)g, h

4.06 (1.29)g, i

4.39 (1.24)f, h, i

14.373***

f = 0.22

1

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; a-i indicates significant differences between parameters (p < 0.05)
  2. a d = 0.18, 1-β = 0.65; b d = 0.55, 1-β = 0.77; c d = 0.22, 1-β = 0.82; d d = 0.46, 1-β = 1.00; e d = 0.28, 1-β = 0.90; f d = 0.68, 1-β = 0.89; g d = 0.31, 1-β = 0.98; h d = 0.61, 1-β = 1.00; i d = 0.26, 1-β = 0.85 (d: effect size for each post-hoc analysis, 1-β: observed power)
  3. jexcluded from analysis