Table 1 Characteristics according to 30-day pneumonia-specific, pneumonia-unrelated, and 30-day all-cause readmission rates among inpatients with pneumonia in 2003–2013
No 30-day readmission | 30-day pneumonia- specific readmission | 30-day pneumonia-unrelated readmission | 30-day all-cause readmission | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N, Mean | N(%), Mean ± SD | p-value | N(%), Mean ± SD | p-value | N(%), Mean ± SD | p-value | ||||
<Individual level> | ||||||||||
Sex | ||||||||||
Men | 3101 | 405 | (11.6) | 0.276 | 377 | (10.8) | 0.012 | 782 | (20.1) | 0.017 |
Women | 2924 | 351 | (10.7) | 288 | (9.0) | 639 | (17.9) | |||
Age | ||||||||||
65–69 | 1020 | 104 | (9.3) | 0.092 | 108 | (9.6) | 0.014 | 212 | (17.2) | 0.047 |
70–74 | 1319 | 186 | (12.4) | 173 | (11.6) | 359 | (21.4) | |||
75–79 | 1450 | 172 | (10.6) | 175 | (10.8) | 347 | (19.3) | |||
80–84 | 1240 | 156 | (11.2) | 125 | (9.2) | 281 | (18.5) | |||
≥ 85 | 996 | 138 | (12.2) | 84 | (7.8) | 222 | (18.2) | |||
Income | ||||||||||
Medical aid | 488 | 89 | (14.3) | 0.003 | 42 | (7.9) | 0.452 | 131 | (21.2) | 0.409 |
Low | 1538 | 171 | (9.1) | 172 | (10.1) | 343 | (18.2) | |||
Middle | 1783 | 229 | (10.3) | 202 | (10.2) | 431 | (19.5) | |||
High | 2216 | 267 | (9.8) | 249 | (10.1) | 516 | (18.9) | |||
Prior year LOS | 52.1 | 59.6 | ±70.8 | 0.006 | 60.5 | ±60.4 | 0.001 | 60.1 | ±66.1 | <.0001 |
Prior year number of primary care visits | 30.0 | 32.4 | ±35.6 | 0.082 | 34.4 | ±36.0 | 0.003 | 33.4 | ±35.8 | 0.001 |
Prior year number of emergency department (ED) visits | 0.4 | 0.7 | ±4.3 | 0.108 | 0.5 | ±1.5 | 0.059 | 0.6 | ±3.3 | 0.036 |
Prior year cost (1000won) | 3055.8 | 4488.9 | ±11,796.2 | 0.001 | 3742.9 | ±6367.7 | 0.010 | 4138.0 | ±9635.6 | <.0001 |
Pathway | ||||||||||
Outpatient | 2262 | 269 | (10.6) | 0.312 | 241 | (9.6) | 0.537 | 510 | (18.4) | 0.259 |
Emergency | 3763 | 487 | (11.5) | 424 | (10.1) | 911 | (19.5) | |||
LOS of the index hospitalization | 10.4 | 12.7 | ±131 | 0.144 | 10.8 | ±8.7 | 0.752 | 11.817 | ±11.3 | 0.415 |
Septicemia/shock | ||||||||||
Yes | 155 | 31 | (16.7) | 0.021 | 28 | (15.3) | 0.020 | 59 | (27.6) | 0.002 |
Cancer | ||||||||||
Yes | 452 | 65 | (12.6) | 0.319 | 138 | (23.4) | <.0001 | 203 | (31.0) | <.0001 |
Dementia | ||||||||||
Yes | 243 | 28 | (10.3) | 0.736 | 35 | (12.6) | 63 | (20.6) | ||
Heart failure | ||||||||||
Yes | 221 | 29 | (11.6) | 0.898 | 51 | (18.8) | <.0001 | 80 | (26.6) | 0.001 |
Vascular or circulatory disease | ||||||||||
Yes | 440 | 73 | (14.2) | 0.026 | 94 | (17.6) | <.0001 | 167 | (27.5) | <.0001 |
COPD | ||||||||||
Yes | 769 | 178 | (18.8) | <.0001 | 170 | (18.1) | <.0001 | 348 | (31.2) | <.0001 |
Asthma | ||||||||||
Yes | 796 | 198 | (19.9) | <.0001 | 158 | (16.6) | <.0001 | 356 | (30.9) | <.0001 |
Renal failure | ||||||||||
Yes | 182 | 28 | (13.3) | 0.363 | 40 | (18.0) | <.0001 | 68 | (27.2) | 0.001 |
Liver disease | ||||||||||
Yes | 152 | 32 | (17.4) | 0.009 | 31 | (16.9) | 0.002 | 63 | (29.3) | 0.000 |
<Hospital level> | ||||||||||
Hospital classification | ||||||||||
Teaching hospital or general hospital | 4331 | 498 | (10.3) | 0.001 | 500 | (10.4) | 0.079 | 998 | (18.7) | 0.227 |
Hospital | 1694 | 258 | (13.2) | 165 | (8.9) | 423 | (20.0) | |||
Ownership | ||||||||||
Public | 467 | 54 | (10.4) | 0.604 | 46 | (9.0) | 0.490 | 100 | (17.6) | 0.392 |
Private | 5558 | 702 | (11.2) | 619 | (10.0) | 1321 | (19.2) | |||
Number of beds | ||||||||||
Low | 1645 | 252 | (13.3) | <.0001 | 169 | (9.3) | 0.054 | 421 | (20.4) | 0.116 |
Middle | 1747 | 245 | (12.3) | 173 | (9.0) | 418 | (19.3) | |||
High | 2633 | 259 | (9.0) | 323 | (10.9) | 582 | (18.1) | |||
Number of physicians per bed | ||||||||||
Very low | 1232 | 188 | (13.2) | <.0001 | 134 | (9.8) | 0.269 | 322 | (20.7) | 0.002 |
Low | 1960 | 307 | (13.5) | 205 | (9.5) | 512 | (20.7) | |||
High | 1208 | 119 | (9.0) | 129 | (9.7) | 248 | (17.0) | |||
Very high | 1625 | 142 | (8.0) | 197 | (10.8) | 339 | (17.3) | |||
MRI | ||||||||||
Yes | 5179 | 634 | (10.9) | 0.134 | 579 | (10.1) | 0.433 | 1213 | (19.0) | 0.591 |
Year | ||||||||||
2003 | 189 | 12 | (6.0) | 0.002 | 16 | (7.8) | 0.355 | 28 | (12.9) | 0.004 |
2004 | 262 | 19 | (6.8) | 32 | (10.9) | 51 | (16.3) | |||
2005 | 338 | 51 | (13.1) | 32 | (8.7) | 83 | (19.7) | |||
2006 | 393 | 33 | (7.8) | 38 | (8.8) | 71 | (15.3) | |||
2007 | 421 | 44 | (9.5) | 46 | (9.9) | 90 | (17.6) | |||
2008 | 471 | 69 | (12.8) | 59 | (11.1) | 128 | (21.4) | |||
2009 | 526 | 57 | (9.8) | 45 | (7.9) | 102 | (16.2) | |||
2010 | 543 | 78 | (12.6) | 68 | (11.1) | 146 | (21.2) | |||
2011 | 855 | 120 | (12.3) | 86 | (9.1) | 206 | (19.4) | |||
2012 | 997 | 148 | (12.9) | 130 | (11.5) | 278 | (21.8) | |||
2013 | 1030 | 125 | (10.8) | 113 | (9.9) | 238 | (18.8) | |||
Total | 6025 | 756 | (11.2) | 665 | (9.9) | 1421 | (19.1) | |||