Table 2 Characteristics of the e-recovery interventions

CommonGround, USA

[49,82,, 53, 54, 81–83]

Recovery and shared decision-making

For persons 18 years or older with severe and persistent mental illness at an outpatient psychiatric medication clinic.

A program consisting of a peer-to-peer workshop and training of providers in addition to a peer-run center including a software program: written material and videos with peers describing their recovery process; reminders of their own actions that give their life meaning and purpose and help to create wellness; a customized survey of symptoms and psychosocial functioning and primary goals for the medication visit; a database; a recovery library; and a one-page report to use in the medication visit.

Horyzons, Australia

[65, 84, 85]

Recovery and maintaining clinical benefits

For persons aged 15–25 years with first episode psychosis following discharge from early intervention specialist care in consultation or at home.

A moderated online social networking forum: evaluation of service users’ goals, recovery style, and symptoms; interactive information on psychosis and the recovery process with emphasis on empowerment and social recovery; assessment of strengths; identification of early warning signs and a relapse prevention plan; interactive exercises about activity; cognitive-based strategies; and general overview of the key aspects of the completed modules with an emphasis on personal achievement and recommendation to stay well and to use the social networking features and practice personal strengths.

Miele.Net^a, Finland

[50,87,88,, 52, 86–89]

To support self-management

For persons aged 18–65 years with schizophrenia spectrum psychoses in inpatient and outpatient settings.

Service user education and online support: information about illness, treatment, well-being, daily activities, and service users’ rights; a channel for peer support; recordings of voices telling service users’ life stories; drawings and pictures; a diary; eSupport; a tool for counseling; and interaction between service users and providers.

ReConnect^b, Norway [55]

Greater overview and control regarding health and well-being, legitimacy of personal knowledge, strengths and values, and a sense of continuity in relationships

For adult persons with long term mental health problems at different levels of mental health care.

An intervention for guided self-help where service users can: state their values and what is important in their life; describe their current situation, goals and activities related to a wide range of domains; do exercises related to coping strategies, strengths, collaboration with providers, and lifestyle; write a crisis management plan; register information about various aspects of daily life such as sleep, nutrition, physical activity, social life, and medications; get information on issues related to daily life, health, well-being, and social activities including material from peers; register information related to medication; and get access to secure email with their providers.

Wegweis, The Netherlands

[51, 56, 64]

Shared decision-making and individual advice related to treatment, rehabilitation, and personal recovery

For persons 18–65 years with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorder for use at home or in a clinical setting.

An Internet-based information and decision tool providing service users: results of their routine outcome monitoring assessments and personalized advice; descriptions of treatment modules dynamically linked to the assessment results; and overview of available treatment modules. Advice is based on evidence-based information, clinical expertise, and service users’ experiences and also refers to the service user’s provider and local counselor.

Your Schizophrenia Care, USA [90]

To empower service users to discuss their mental health treatment with their provider

For adult persons with schizophrenia in outpatient mental health care.

A service user-oriented learning approach related to six areas of quality of care: medications, side effects, referrals, family support, employment, and quality of life. Based on service user’s input on their current status and treatment related to each area, individualized feedback recommendations appear on the screen. The Web site includes video clips designed to model communication strategies and skill, and show how to be proactive in a visit, e.g., by expressing expectations and goals. Service users are encouraged to discuss their responses with their provider in an upcoming visit.