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Table 1 Descriptive statistics for socio-demographic characteristics of women and distribution according to different maternal health care services use in Addis Ababa, 2014 (N = 210)

From: Intimate partner violence and utilization of maternal health care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Characteristics

All women

n (%)

At least one ANC %

1st ANC within 1st trimester %

Four or more ANC %

Tested for HIV %

Skilled delivery assistant %

Delivery in health facility %

Age in years

18–25

50 (23.8)

98.0

58.0

48.0*

94.0*

92.0

86.0*

26–35

131 (62.4)

94.7

46.6

33.6

84.7

84.7

78.6

36–45

29 (13.8)

93.1

44.8

20.7

69.0

79.3

58.6

Age gap of couples

partner younger or same age as women

21 (10.0)

100.0

61.9

33.3

90.5*

100.0

90.5*

partner older by 1–5 years

73 (34.8)

95.9

50.7

39.7

89.0

84.9

80.8

partner older by 6–10 years

64 (30.5)

96.9

51.6

42.2

90.6

87.5

82.8

partner older by more than 10 years

52 (24.8)

90.4

38.5

21.2

69.2

78.8

61.5

Ethnicity

Amhara

78 (37.1)

96.2

56.4

44.9

87.2

89.7

80.8

Oromo

46 (21.9)

91.3

56.5

23.9

82.6

76.1

67.4

Tigre

22 (12.9)

96.3

40.7

25.9

88.9

81.5

81.5

Other

59 (28.1)

96.6

37.3

35.6

81.4

89.8

79.7

Religion

Orthodox

128 (61.0)

96.9

56.2

39.1

85.9

85.2

77.3

Muslim

56 (26.1)

92.9

35.7

26.8

83.9

89.3

76.8

Other

26 (12.4)

92.3

42.3

34.6

80.8

80.8

80.8

Educational status

no formal education

32 (15.2)

84.4*

12.5*

11.0*

62.5*

62.5*

46.9*

primary school

80 (38.1)

96.2

51.2

35.0

85.0

88.8

78.8

secondaryand above

98 (46.7)

98.0

59.2

46.9

91.8

90.8

86.7

Partner’s educational status

no formal education

20 (9.5)

85.0

15.0*

15.0

60.0*

70.0*

40.0*

primary school

50 (23.8)

94.0

42.0

30.0

80.0

81.0

74.0

secondary and above

140 (66.7)

97.1

56.4

40.0

90.0

89.5

84.3

Employment status

Employed

67 (31.9)

98.5

55.2

44.8*

92.5*

89.6

83.6

Unemployed

143 (68.1)

93.7

46.2

30.8

81.1

83.9

74.8

Household monthly income (ETB)

Low income (</=1000ETB)

73 (34.8)

94.5

43.8

30.1

82.2

82.2

72.6

Middle income (1001–2000ETB)

70 (33.3)

95.7

50.0

34.3

85.7

91.4

81.4

High income (>2000ETB)

67 (31.9)

95.5

53.7

41.8

86.6

83.6

79.1

Couples relationship duration

Less or equal to 4 years

91 (43.3)

97.8

48.4

34.1

96.7*

86.8

79.1

More than 4 years

119 (56.7)

93.3

49.6

36.1

75.6

84.9

76.5

Parity

1

66 (31.4)

95.5

51.5

30.3

90.9

84.8

74.2

2–3

116 (55.2)

94.8

47.4

40.5

82.8

83.6

80.2

4+

28 (13.3)

96.4

50.0

25.0

78.6

96.4

75.0

Weekly mass media exposure

No exposure to all

31 (14.8)

87.1*

29.0*

3.2*

64.5*

74.2

54.8*

Exposed to one type

77 (36.7)

93.5

46.8

27.3

84.4

83.1

77.9

Exposed to two types

78 (37.1)

98.7

53.8

43.6

91.0

89.7

82.1

Exposed to all three types

24 (11.4)

100.0

66.7

75.0

91.7

95.8

91.7

Women’s decision making autonomy

No involvement in all

12 (5.7)

83.3*

25.0*

16.7

66.7

66.7

50.0

Involved in one

26 (12.4)

84.6

3.8

26.9

73.1

84.6

76.9

Involved in two

31 (14.8)

96.8

22.6

19.4

87.1

74.2

67.7

Involved in three

43 (20.5)

97.7

58.1

44.2

83.7

90.7

88.4

Involved in all four

98 (46.7)

98.0

68.4

40.8

89.8

89.8

79.6

Emotional IPV

No

161 (76.7)

96.9

51.6*

39.8*

88.2*

87.0

80.7*

Yes

49 (23.3)

89.8

40.8

20.4

73.5

81.6

67.3

Physical IPV

No

171 (81.4)

96.5

53.2*

42.1*

89.5*

88.9*

82.5*

Yes

39 (18.6)

89.7

30.8

25.1

64.1

71.8

56.4

Sexual IPV

No

131 (62.4)

96.2

55.0*

44.3*

87.0

88.5

80.9

Yes

79 (37.6)

93.7

39.2

20.3

81.0

81.0

72.2

Partner control

No

65 (31.0)

98.5

60.0*

52.3*

93.8*

93.8*

86.2*

Yes

145 (69.0)

93.8

44.1

27.6

80.7

82.1

73.8

  1. IPV intimate partner violence occurred during the current relationship, ANC, antenatal care; Skilled health providers include doctors, nurses and midwives, Weekly mass media exposure = exposure to TV, Newspaper and Radio at least once a week; Women’s decision making autonomy = women’s participation alone or jointly in decisions regarding their personal health care, large household purchases, daily household purchases and family or relatives visit; ∗ = p < .05 significance level