From: Intimate partner violence and utilization of maternal health care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Background Characteristics | All women n (%) | At least one ANC % | 1st ANC within 1st trimester % | Four or more ANC % | Tested for HIV % | Skilled delivery assistant % | Delivery in health facility % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | |||||||
18–25 | 50 (23.8) | 98.0 | 58.0 | 48.0* | 94.0* | 92.0 | 86.0* |
26–35 | 131 (62.4) | 94.7 | 46.6 | 33.6 | 84.7 | 84.7 | 78.6 |
36–45 | 29 (13.8) | 93.1 | 44.8 | 20.7 | 69.0 | 79.3 | 58.6 |
Age gap of couples | |||||||
partner younger or same age as women | 21 (10.0) | 100.0 | 61.9 | 33.3 | 90.5* | 100.0 | 90.5* |
partner older by 1–5 years | 73 (34.8) | 95.9 | 50.7 | 39.7 | 89.0 | 84.9 | 80.8 |
partner older by 6–10 years | 64 (30.5) | 96.9 | 51.6 | 42.2 | 90.6 | 87.5 | 82.8 |
partner older by more than 10 years | 52 (24.8) | 90.4 | 38.5 | 21.2 | 69.2 | 78.8 | 61.5 |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Amhara | 78 (37.1) | 96.2 | 56.4 | 44.9 | 87.2 | 89.7 | 80.8 |
Oromo | 46 (21.9) | 91.3 | 56.5 | 23.9 | 82.6 | 76.1 | 67.4 |
Tigre | 22 (12.9) | 96.3 | 40.7 | 25.9 | 88.9 | 81.5 | 81.5 |
Other | 59 (28.1) | 96.6 | 37.3 | 35.6 | 81.4 | 89.8 | 79.7 |
Religion | |||||||
Orthodox | 128 (61.0) | 96.9 | 56.2 | 39.1 | 85.9 | 85.2 | 77.3 |
Muslim | 56 (26.1) | 92.9 | 35.7 | 26.8 | 83.9 | 89.3 | 76.8 |
Other | 26 (12.4) | 92.3 | 42.3 | 34.6 | 80.8 | 80.8 | 80.8 |
Educational status | |||||||
no formal education | 32 (15.2) | 84.4* | 12.5* | 11.0* | 62.5* | 62.5* | 46.9* |
primary school | 80 (38.1) | 96.2 | 51.2 | 35.0 | 85.0 | 88.8 | 78.8 |
secondaryand above | 98 (46.7) | 98.0 | 59.2 | 46.9 | 91.8 | 90.8 | 86.7 |
Partner’s educational status | |||||||
no formal education | 20 (9.5) | 85.0 | 15.0* | 15.0 | 60.0* | 70.0* | 40.0* |
primary school | 50 (23.8) | 94.0 | 42.0 | 30.0 | 80.0 | 81.0 | 74.0 |
secondary and above | 140 (66.7) | 97.1 | 56.4 | 40.0 | 90.0 | 89.5 | 84.3 |
Employment status | |||||||
Employed | 67 (31.9) | 98.5 | 55.2 | 44.8* | 92.5* | 89.6 | 83.6 |
Unemployed | 143 (68.1) | 93.7 | 46.2 | 30.8 | 81.1 | 83.9 | 74.8 |
Household monthly income (ETB) | |||||||
Low income (</=1000ETB) | 73 (34.8) | 94.5 | 43.8 | 30.1 | 82.2 | 82.2 | 72.6 |
Middle income (1001–2000ETB) | 70 (33.3) | 95.7 | 50.0 | 34.3 | 85.7 | 91.4 | 81.4 |
High income (>2000ETB) | 67 (31.9) | 95.5 | 53.7 | 41.8 | 86.6 | 83.6 | 79.1 |
Couples relationship duration | |||||||
Less or equal to 4 years | 91 (43.3) | 97.8 | 48.4 | 34.1 | 96.7* | 86.8 | 79.1 |
More than 4 years | 119 (56.7) | 93.3 | 49.6 | 36.1 | 75.6 | 84.9 | 76.5 |
Parity | |||||||
1 | 66 (31.4) | 95.5 | 51.5 | 30.3 | 90.9 | 84.8 | 74.2 |
2–3 | 116 (55.2) | 94.8 | 47.4 | 40.5 | 82.8 | 83.6 | 80.2 |
4+ | 28 (13.3) | 96.4 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 78.6 | 96.4 | 75.0 |
Weekly mass media exposure | |||||||
No exposure to all | 31 (14.8) | 87.1* | 29.0* | 3.2* | 64.5* | 74.2 | 54.8* |
Exposed to one type | 77 (36.7) | 93.5 | 46.8 | 27.3 | 84.4 | 83.1 | 77.9 |
Exposed to two types | 78 (37.1) | 98.7 | 53.8 | 43.6 | 91.0 | 89.7 | 82.1 |
Exposed to all three types | 24 (11.4) | 100.0 | 66.7 | 75.0 | 91.7 | 95.8 | 91.7 |
Women’s decision making autonomy | |||||||
No involvement in all | 12 (5.7) | 83.3* | 25.0* | 16.7 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 50.0 |
Involved in one | 26 (12.4) | 84.6 | 3.8 | 26.9 | 73.1 | 84.6 | 76.9 |
Involved in two | 31 (14.8) | 96.8 | 22.6 | 19.4 | 87.1 | 74.2 | 67.7 |
Involved in three | 43 (20.5) | 97.7 | 58.1 | 44.2 | 83.7 | 90.7 | 88.4 |
Involved in all four | 98 (46.7) | 98.0 | 68.4 | 40.8 | 89.8 | 89.8 | 79.6 |
Emotional IPV | |||||||
No | 161 (76.7) | 96.9 | 51.6* | 39.8* | 88.2* | 87.0 | 80.7* |
Yes | 49 (23.3) | 89.8 | 40.8 | 20.4 | 73.5 | 81.6 | 67.3 |
Physical IPV | |||||||
No | 171 (81.4) | 96.5 | 53.2* | 42.1* | 89.5* | 88.9* | 82.5* |
Yes | 39 (18.6) | 89.7 | 30.8 | 25.1 | 64.1 | 71.8 | 56.4 |
Sexual IPV | |||||||
No | 131 (62.4) | 96.2 | 55.0* | 44.3* | 87.0 | 88.5 | 80.9 |
Yes | 79 (37.6) | 93.7 | 39.2 | 20.3 | 81.0 | 81.0 | 72.2 |
Partner control | |||||||
No | 65 (31.0) | 98.5 | 60.0* | 52.3* | 93.8* | 93.8* | 86.2* |
Yes | 145 (69.0) | 93.8 | 44.1 | 27.6 | 80.7 | 82.1 | 73.8 |