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Table 5 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models of achievement of ANC4+ and SBA (Continued Care at Delivery) with various determinants within each of the two waves of PDHS during 2006-2012

From: Continuum of care in maternal, newborn and child health in Pakistan: analysis of trends and determinants from 2006 to 2012

Characteristics

Model II (ANC4+ and SBA)

PDHS (2006/07)

PDHS (2012/13)

Bivariate

Multivariate

Bivariate

Multivariate

OR

CI (95%)

p-value

AOR

CI (95%)

p-value

OR

CI (95%)

p-value

AOR

CI (95%)

p-value

Regions/Provinces

 Baluchistan

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Punjab

4.66

3.34-6.51

<0.01

3.06

2.10-4.45

<0.01

4.51

3.65-5.58

<0.01

2.65

2.06-3.42

<0.01

 Sindh

5.22

3.72-7.33

<0.01

5.49

3.76-8.02

<0.01

6.44

5.19-7.99

<0.01

5.45

4.23-7.01

<0.01

 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

3.09

2.16-4.42

<0.01

2.74

1.84-4.07

<0.01

2.82

2.26-3.53

<0.01

2.29

1.77-2.96

<0.01

 Gilgit Baltistan

-

-

-

-

-

<0.01

3.91

3.04-5.01

<0.01

4.46

3.32-6.00

<0.01

 Islamabad

-

-

-

-

-

<0.01

25.80

19.46-34.20

<0.01

7.80

5.59-10.89

<0.01

Geographical classification

 Rural

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Urban

4.45

3.88-5.10

<0.01

1.55

1.29-1.85

<0.01

3.55

3.21-3.93

<0.01

1.19

1.02-1.37

0.02

Respondents age

 15-24 years

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 25-34 years

1.24

1.05-1.45

0.01

1.16

0.92-1.45

0.21

1.04

0.93-1.18

0.44

1.04

0.87-1.24

0.67

 35 years and above

0.69

0.57-0.85

<0.01

1.08

0.78-1.51

0.64

0.73

0.63-0.85

<0.01

1.09

0.84-1.42

0.51

Respondents age at first birth

        

 Less than 20 years

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 20-29 years

1.88

1.64-2.16

<0.01

1.12

0.93-1.35

0.22

2.07

1.86-2.31

<0.01

1.16

1.00-1.35

0.05

 30 years and above

2.10

1.49-2.96

<0.01

1.59

0.99-2.54

0.05

4.79

3.70-6.21

<0.01

1.68

1.14-2.47

0.01

Respondents educational status

 Uneducated

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Primary

2.89

2.38-3.51

<0.01

1.49

1.20-1.86

<0.01

3.09

2.65-3.61

<0.01

1.42

1.18-1.69

<0.01

 Secondary

6.37

5.33-7.62

<0.01

2.08

1.66-2.60

<0.01

7.46

6.49-8.56

<0.01

2.15

1.80-2.58

<0.01

 Higher

21.37

16.65-27.43

<0.01

4.62

3.35-6.37

<0.01

20.80

17.39-24.88

<0.01

3.48

2.73-4.44

<0.01

Husbands educational status

 Uneducated

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Primary

1.64

1.29-2.09

<0.01

1.03

0.79-1.34

0.81

1.94

1.60-2.35

<0.01

1.10

0.89-1.38

0.36

 Secondary

3.44

2.86-4.15

<0.01

1.44

1.16-1.79

<0.01

3.92

3.38-4.54

<0.01

1.45

1.22-1.74

<0.01

 Higher

7.65

6.25-9.35

<0.01

1.56

1.20-2.03

<0.01

8.35

7.15-9.74

<0.01

1.43

1.16-1.77

<0.01

Respondents employment status

 Unemployed

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Employed

0.56

0.48-0.66

<0.01

0.89

0.73-1.08

0.23

0.58

0.51-0.67

<0.01

0.76

0.64-0.90

<0.01

Husbands employment status

 Unemployed

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Employed

1.20

0.82-1.76

0.34

0.97

0.61-1.51

0.88

1.72

1.22-2.41

<0.01

1.24

0.82-1.87

0.31

Parity/Number of children

       

 5 children or more

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 3-4 children

1.96

1.64-2.34

<0.01

1.05

0.83-1.31

0.68

2.25

1.96-2.58

<0.01

1.20

0.99-1.45

0.05

 1-2 children

2.60

2.20-3.06

<0.01

1.42

1.09-1.85

<0.01

3.81

3.35-4.34

<0.01

1.99

1.59-2.48

<0.01

Respondents autonomy to healthcare decision-making

      

 No

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.85

1.68-2.05

<0.01

1.30

1.15-1.48

<0.01

Exposure to mass media

 No

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.82

5.04-6.73

<0.01

1.43

1.19-1.71

<0.01

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Poorer

1.90

1.36-2.66

<0.01

1.72

1.21-2.44

<0.01

2.64

2.10-3.33

<0.01

1.83

1.42-2.36

<0.01

 Middle

3.23

2.35-4.44

<0.01

2.40

1.70-3.40

<0.01

4.03

3.23-5.04

<0.01

2.31

1.78-3.01

<0.01

 Richer

7.87

5.84-10.61

<0.01

3.86

2.73-5.47

<0.01

9.22

7.44-11.42

<0.01

3.52

2.66-4.66

<0.01

 Richest

25.91

19.33-34.73

<0.01

7.57

5.21-10.99

<0.01

31.61

25.42-39.29

<0.01

6.79

4.95-9.31

<0.01

Distance from health facility for medical care

 Big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Not a big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.21

2.88-3.58

<0.01

0.94

0.78-1.13

0.53

Transport arrangement for medical care

 Big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

  

1

  

 Not a big problem

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.35

3.01-3.72

<0.01

1.25

1.04-1.49

0.01