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Table 11 Association between Medicare managed care and inpatient mortality for congestive heart failure

From: Managed care and inpatient mortality in adults: effect of primary payer

Characteristic

Patient characteristicsa

Patient + hospital characteristicsb

Patient characteristic + hospital fixed effects

Patient + hospital characteristics + county fixed effects

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Managed care

0.950

0.904

0.998

0.981

0.933

1.031

Failed to converge

0.946

0.898

0.998

Age 18–64 years

1.009

0.908

1.122

1.028

0.925

1.143

  

1.058

0.951

1.177

Age 65–74 years

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  

REF

REF

REF

Age 75–84 years

1.327

1.247

1.413

1.317

1.237

1.402

  

1.303

1.223

1.387

Age 85+ years

2.022

1.902

2.15

1.996

1.877

2.122

  

1.935

1.819

2.059

Male

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  

REF

REF

REF

Female

0.896

0.86

0.933

0.898

0.861

0.935

  

0.89

0.854

0.928

APRMORT_161xxx

2.388

1.702

3.351

2.56

1.824

3.593

  

2.694

1.918

3.785

APRMORT_191xxx

7.093

5.329

9.442

7.573

5.687

10.084

  

8.173

6.133

10.892

APRMORT_194002

2.071

1.583

2.709

2.083

1.592

2.725

  

2.182

1.667

2.855

APRMORT_194003

7.415

5.69

9.663

7.613

5.842

9.922

  

8.285

6.354

10.803

APRMORT_194004

37.648

28.903

49.037

39.386

30.232

51.31

  

45.335

34.775

59.101

APRMORT_OTHER

15.041

11.432

19.789

16.007

12.162

21.066

  

17.347

13.171

22.846

Lowest income

0.881

0.83

0.935

0.832

0.782

0.885

  

0.828

0.766

0.894

Low income

0.971

0.919

1.027

0.91

0.859

0.965

  

0.942

0.878

1.012

Moderate income

0.96

0.908

1.014

0.943

0.891

0.997

  

1.008

0.946

1.074

High income

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  

REF

REF

REF

0-99 beds

   

1.22

1.133

1.314

  

1.343

1.232

1.464

100-299 beds

   

REF

REF

REF

  

REF

REF

REF

300-499 beds

   

0.955

0.904

1.008

  

0.941

0.885

1.001

500+ beds

   

1.058

0.987

1.134

  

1.061

0.981

1.148

Nonteaching

   

REF

REF

REF

  

REF

REF

REF

Teaching

   

0.931

0.881

0.983

  

0.918

0.859

0.98

Governmental

   

1.137

1.046

1.237

  

1.012

0.919

1.115

Not-for-profit

   

REF

REF

REF

  

REF

REF

REF

For-profit

   

0.921

0.844

1.004

  

0.929

0.842

1.026

Large metropolitan

   

REF

REF

REF

     

Medium and small metropolitan

   

1.005

0.958

1.054

     

Nonmetropolitan

   

1.318

1.218

1.427

     
  1. Abbreviation: REF, reference group
  2. Notes: aPatient characteristics were age, sex, All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG), and community income. bHospital characteristics were bed size, ownership, teaching status, and urban/rural location
  3. Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, 2009, from the following 11 states: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania
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