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Table 5 Frequency of medicine use and average pharmaceutical cost by multimorbidity groups

From: Pharmaceutical cost and multimorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus using electronic health record data

Medicine

Factor 1 Cardiovascular

Factor 2 Osteoarticular (%)

Factor 3 Mental (%)

Factor 4 Respiratory (%)

Factor 5 Metabolic

Factor 6 Neoplasm

(%)

(%)

Insulins

N (%)

6.8 %

6.5 %

7.8 %

8.2 %

7.5 %

8.3 %

Insulins

Pharmaceutical expenditure (€)

122.4

118.1

133.5

139.9

146.6

125.6

(standard deviation)

(307.1)

(298.7)

(314.3)

(330.2)

(361.5)

(296.7)

Secretagogue OADs

N (%)

32.9 %

32.5 %

31.7 %

30.5 %

32.8 %

30.9 %

Secretagogues

Pharmaceutical expenditure (€)

16.0

16.4

15.3

14.5

14.7

15.2

(standard deviation)

(24.0)

(24.6)

(23.2)

(22.9)

(22.0)

(23.9)

Nonsecretagogue OADs

N (%)

10.9 %

10.6 %

10.3 %

10.4 %

10.5 %

10.2 %

Non

Pharmaceutical expenditure (€)

226.2

213.5

206.3

202.0

239.6

191.1

secretagogues

(standard deviation)

(362.6)

(352.4)

(349.3)

(342.3)

(415.3)

(328.8)

Strips

N (%)

31.5 %

31.8 %

33.9 %

31.7 %

32.5 %

37.0 %

Strips

Pharmaceutical expenditure (€)

222.8

227.8

235.6

241.4

246.3

225.1

(standard deviation)

(192.7)

(192.8)

(200.2)

(203.4)

(217.0)

(191.5)

Average total cost

Pharmaceutical expenditure (€)

1,441.0

1,645.5

1,816.7

2,123.1

1,540.6

1,968.9

(standard deviation)

(1,290.4)

(1,357.0)

(1,570.6)

(1,590.1)

(1,421.9)

(1,685.8)