Table 2 Perception of service quality by holding NHIS by socioeconomic status among Ghanaian males
From: Perception of quality of health delivery and health insurance subscription in Ghana
Explanatory variables | Perception of service quality by holding NHIS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Better (%) | Same (%) | Worse (%) | N | |
Highest educational level (χ2 = 67.97; p < 0.000) | ||||
No education | 47.3 | 21.0 | 31.7 | 266 |
Primary | 43.1 | 37.5 | 19.5 | 282 |
Secondary | 32.0 | 31.3 | 36.7 | 1,692 |
Higher | 29.3 | 32.3 | 38.4 | 383 |
Wealth index (χ2 = 97.97; p < 0.000) | ||||
Poorest | 48.1 | 25.7 | 26.2 | 460 |
Poorer | 41.4 | 30.7 | 27.9 | 442 |
Middle | 34.9 | 29.9 | 35.2 | 478 |
Richer | 26.0 | 34.7 | 39.3 | 573 |
Richest | 27.0 | 32.7 | 40.3 | 670 |
Region (χ2 = 420.75; p < 0.000) | ||||
Western | 19.6 | 30.5 | 49.9 | 292 |
Central | 67.0 | 15.4 | 17.6 | 193 |
Greater Accra | 17.5 | 25.8 | 56.7 | 401 |
Volta | 35.6 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 209 |
Eastern | 33.3 | 37.6 | 29.1 | 269 |
Ashanti | 34.3 | 41.4 | 24.3 | 544 |
Brong-Ahafo | 16.2 | 43.0 | 40.8 | 271 |
Northern | 53.0 | 13.7 | 33.3 | 244 |
Upper East | 63.8 | 28.4 | 7.8 | 123 |
Upper West | 54.5 | 18.8 | 26.6 | 75 |
Type of place of residence (χ2 = 29.80; p < 0.000) | ||||
Urban | 28.2 | 34.9 | 36.9 | 1,354 |
Rural | 40.9 | 27.0 | 32.1 | 1,271 |
Current marital status (χ2 = 10.75; p < 0.029) | ||||
Never in union | 35.1 | 33.3 | 31.6 | 1,118 |
Currently in union/living with a mans | 34.4 | 29.0 | 36.6 | 1,387 |
Formerly in union/living with a man | 27.2 | 34.0 | 38.7 | 120 |
Age (χ2 = 38.01; p < 0.002) | ||||
15–19 | 37.4 | 36.3 | 26.3 | 562 |
20–24 | 35.0 | 28.3 | 36.7 | 331 |
25–29 | 39.5 | 28.6 | 31.9 | 301 |
30–34 | 27.9 | 29.9 | 42.2 | 298 |
35–39 | 30.9 | 27.6 | 41.4 | 309 |
40–44 | 33.7 | 26.2 | 40.1 | 277 |
45–49 | 32.0 | 30.6 | 37.4 | 220 |
50–54 | 37.4 | 34.1 | 28.5 | 184 |
55–59 | 31.3 | 38.0 | 30.7 | 150 |
Religion (χ2 = 32.52; p < 0.000) | ||||
Orthodox | 31.9 | 32.3 | 35.9 | 716 |
Pentecostal | 34.5 | 31.2 | 34.3 | 742 |
Other Christian | 26.5 | 34.3 | 39.1 | 458 |
Islam | 41.0 | 27.3 | 31.7 | 507 |
Traditional/Others | 43.7 | 28.5 | 27.8 | 200 |
Ethnicity (χ2 = 132.48; p < 0.000) | ||||
Akan | 30.6 | 32.5 | 36.9 | 1,287 |
Ga/Dangme | 26.0 | 33.0 | 41.0 | 179 |
Ewe | 31.1 | 29.5 | 39.5 | 339 |
Mole-Dagbani | 43.8 | 27.9 | 28.3 | 444 |
Gurma | 55.0 | 23.5 | 21.5 | 158 |
Others | 34.1 | 35.9 | 30.0 | 216 |
Occupation (χ2 = 67.97; p < 0.000) | ||||
Not working | 35.1 | 37.0 | 27.9 | 408 |
Professional/Managerial | 32.5 | 27.3 | 40.2 | 435 |
Sales/Services | 29.7 | 32.7 | 37.6 | 278 |
Agricultural worker | 41.4 | 27.3 | 31.3 | 819 |
Skilled/Unskilled | 29.1 | 33.4 | 37.4 | 671 |