Table 5 Predictors of duration of hospital stay among patients with hypertension who were admitted to the hospital after presenting to ED with hypertension as the primary diagnosis
From: Emergency Department and Inpatient Healthcare utilization due to Hypertension
Univariate | Multivariable-adjusted | |
|---|---|---|
Beta-estimatea (95 % CI) | Beta-estimatea (95 % CI) | |
Age | ||
<50 | Ref | Ref |
50- <65 | 0.49 (0.37, 0.61)*** | 0.47 (0.35,0.59)*** |
65- <80 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.15)*** | 0.83 (0.66,1.01)*** |
≥80 | 1.13 (0.97, 1.29)*** | 0.89 (0.72,1.05)*** |
Gender | ||
Female | Ref | Ref |
Male | 0.17 (0.08, 0.26)** | −0.03 (−0.12,0.06) |
Median house hold income | ||
1st quartile (< $38,999) | Ref | Ref |
2nd quartile ($39,000 to $47,999) | 0.06 (−0.09, 0.20) | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.22) |
3rd quartile ($48,000 to $62999) | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.25) | 0.06 (−0.10, 0.23) |
4th quartile ($63,000 or more) | 0.27 (0.07, 0.48)** | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.27) |
Primary payer | ||
Medicare (ref) | Ref | Ref |
Medicaid | −0.10 (−0.27, 0.08) | 0.47 (0.28, 0.66)*** |
Private insurance | −1.05 (−1.17, −0.93)*** | −0.14 (−0.27, 0.00)* |
Self-pay/No charge | −1.32 (−1.50, −1.14)*** | −0.19 (−0.40, 0.03) |
Other | −0.92 (−1.28, −0.56)*** | 0.03 (−0.33, 0.39) |
Patient location (residence) | ||
Micropolitan/not metro | Ref | Ref |
Metro (large or small) | 0.36 (0.15, 0.56)** | 0.17 (0.02, 0.32)* |
Hospital Region | ||
Northeast | Ref | Ref |
Midwest | −0.85 (−1.17, −0.53)*** | −0.88 (−1.16, −0.60)*** |
South | −0.58 (−0.87, −0.29)** | −0.56 (−0.81, −0.31)*** |
West | −0.58 (−0.89, −0.26)** | −0.85 (−1.13, −0.56)*** |
Teaching status of hospital | ||
Metropolitan non -teaching or non-metro | Ref | Ref |
Metropolitan teaching | 0.24 (0.05, 0.44)* | 0.19 (0.02, 0.35)* |
Comorbidities | ||
CHD (ref: no) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.65)*** | −0.05 (−0.14, 0.05) |
Hyperlipidemia (ref: no) | −0.51 (−0.60, −0.41)*** | −0.59 (−0.68, −0.50)*** |
Renal failure (ref: no) | 2.10 (1.95, 2.25)*** | 1.63 (1.48, 1.78)*** |
Heart Failure (ref: no) | 2.07 (1.94, 2.20)*** | 1.53 (1.41, 1.65)*** |
Gout (ref: no) | −0.48 (−0.66, −0.31)*** | 0.13 (−0.05, 0.30) |
Diabetes (ref: no) | 0.57 (0.47, 0.67)*** | 0.11 (0.02, 0.21)* |
COPD (ref: no) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.15)*** | 0.29 (0.16, 0.42)*** |
Osteoarthritis (ref: no) | −0.16 (−0.32, −0.01)* | −0.16 (−0.30, −0.02)* |