Table 2 Relationships between teamwork and well-being

Bobbio et al., 2012 [38]

Mediation of relationship between empowering leadership/organizational support and burnout by trust in leader/organization

no

273 nurses, general hospital, Italy

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Team leadership: Empowering leadership scale^a Well-being: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)^a

Path analysis

1) Satisfactory model fit

2) Trust in leader mediates relationship leading by example and emotional exhaustion

3) Trust in leader mediates relationship between showing concern/ interacting with the team and

a) emotional exhaustion

b) cynicism

4) Trust in organization mediates relationship between informing and

a) emotional exhaustion and

b) cynicism

5) No mediation effects for reduced professional efficacy

1) χ² (18) = 21.27, p = 0.27, χ²/df = 1.18, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 1.00, SRMR = 0.02

Indirect effects:

2) β = −0.04, p < 0.05

3a) β = −0.23, p < 0.001

3b) β = −0.15, p < 0.001

4a) β = −0.03, p < 0.05

4b) β = −0.04, p < 0.02

5) NS

11.5 (16)

Bratt et al., 2000 [39]

Relationships between nurse/unit characteristics, work environment and job satisfaction

no

1973 nurses, 70 pediatric intensive care units, 65 pediatric hospitals, USA/Canada

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork:

a) Group cohesion: Group Judgment Scale

b) Nurse-physician collaboration: Collaboration and Satisfaction about Care Decisions^a

Well-being: Job Stress Scale^a

Pearson’s correlation

Job stress is negatively correlated with

1) group cohesion

2) nurse-physician collaboration

1) r = −0.43, p < 0.001

2) r = −0.37, p < 0.001

9.5 (16)

Brunetto et al., 2011 [40]

Relationships between supervisor-subordinate relationship, teamwork, role ambiguity and well-being

yes

1138 nurses, 3 public and 7 private urban and regional hospitals, Australia

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurses’ Satisfaction with Teamwork Scale

Well-being: Perception of Well-being Scale (self-developed)

Pearson’s correlation

Positive correlation between nurses’ satisfaction with teamwork and well-being

Public sector: r = 0.35, p < 0.001

Private sector: r = 0.39, p < 0.001

9.5 (16)

Brunetto et al., 2013 [48]

Workplace relationships, engagement, well-being, commitment, and turnover

no

1228 nurses, Australia / USA

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Satisfaction with teamwork^a

Well-being: employee engagement^a, well-being scale developed by first author

Structural equation modeling (SEM)

Teamwork is positively associated with

1) engagement and

2) well-being in the

a) Australian and

b) US sample

1a) B = .19, p < .001

1b) B = .24, p < .001

2a) β = .30, p < .001

2b) β = .37, p < .001

12 (16)

Bruyneel et al., 2009 [41]

Relationship between nurse working environment and nurse-perceived outcomes

no

179 nurses, 12 units, 5 acute care hospitals, Belgium

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R)^a subscale Nurse-Physician-Relations

Well-being: MBI^a

Multivariate logistic regression

Nurse-physician relations are not associated with emotional exhaustion

NS

11.5 (16)

Budge et al., 2003 [20]

Relationships between nurses’ work characteristics, work relationships and health

no

225 nurses, general hospitals, New Zealand

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork:

Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)^a subscales mental health and vitality

Pearson’s correlation

Positive correlation between nurse-physician relations and

1) mental health

2) vitality

1) r = 0.29, p < 0.001

2) r = 0.36, p < 0.001

12.5 (16)

Cheng et al.,

2013 [49]

Relationships between team climate, emotional labor, burnout, quality of care, and turnover

no

201 nurses, 1 hospital, Australia

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Team Climate Inventory (TCI)^a

Well-being: Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)^a

Structural equation modeling

1) Good overall model fit

2) Team climate is negatively associated with burnout

1) χ² = 241.31; χ²/df = 11.49; TLI = .95; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .051

2) β = −.37, p < .01

13 (16)

Gabriel et al., 2011 [18]

Collegial nurse-physician relations and psychological resilience moderate relationships between task accomplishment satisfaction and pre-/postshift affect

no

57 nurses, 1 hospital, USA

Cross-sectional pen-and-paper diary-report

Teamwork: Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: Affect scale, psychological resilience based upon Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)^a

Pearson’s correlation, multilevel modeling

1) Nurse-physician relations are

a) negatively correlated with preshift negative affect

b) positively correlated with preshift positive affect

2) No correlations between nurse-physician-relations and psychological resilience

3) Nurse-physician relations

a) negatively predict postshift negative affect

b) positively predict postshift positive affect

1a) r = 0.30, p < 0.05

1b) r = 0.33, p < 0.05

2) NS

3a) γ = −0.13, p < 0.01

3b) γ = 0.2, p < 0.01

12 (16)

Gevers et al., 2010 [54]

Relationship between acute/chronic job demands and acute job strain and relationship between the latter and individual teamwork behavior

yes

48 nurses, nursing students and physicians, emergency department, The Netherlands

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork and well-being: self-developed items adapted from existing measures

(Hierarchical) linear regression

1) Acute

a) cognitive strains

b) emotional strains separately negatively predict individual teamwork behavior

c) whereas physical strains do not

2) When all three predictors are analyzed simultaneously, only acute emotional strains remain significant

1a) β = −0.35, p < 0.01, R² = 0.18, [f ² = 0.22]^b,c

1b) β = −0.44, p < 0.001, R² = 0.25, [f² = 0.33]^b,c

1c) NS

2) β = −0.36, p < 0.05, R² = 0.26, [f² = 0.35]^b,c, emotional & physical strains: NS

13 (16)

Gunnarsdottir et al., 2009 [42]

Relationships between nurses’ work environment and work outcomes

no

695 nurses, various specialties, university hospital, Iceland

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: Emotional Exhaustion^a

(Hierarchical) linear regression

1) Nurse-physician relations are negatively associated with emotional exhaustion

2) Upon inclusion of four additional predictors, this association becomes non-significant

1) β = −2.38, p < 0.001, []^b

2) NS

12.5 (16)

Kanai-Pak et al., 2008 [43]

Relationships between nurses’ work environment and work outcomes

yes

5956 nurses, various specialties, 19 hospitals, Japan

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: Emotional Exhaustion^a

Multivariate logistic regression

Lower nurse-physician relations are associated with higher risk for emotional exhaustion

Adj. OR = 1.35, p < 0.05

10.5 (16)

Klopper et al., 2012 [44]

Relationships between nurses’ work environment, job satisfaction and burnout

no

935 nurses, ICU, 62 hospitals, South Africa

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: MBI^a

Spearman’s rank correlation

1) Negative correlation between nurse–physician relations and

a) emotional exhaustion

b) depersonalization

2) Positive correlation between nurse–physician relations and personal accomplishment

1a) ρ = −0.255, p < 0.01

1b) ρ = −0.193, p < 0.01

2) ρ = 0.199, p < 0.01

8.5 (16)

Lehmann-Willenbrock et al., 2012 [45]

Mediation of relationships between appreciation of age diversity and nurse Well-being/team commitment by co-worker trust

yes

138 nurses, 1 hospital, Germany

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Team commitment scale

Well-being: Workplace Irritation Scale^a

Pearson’s correlation

Negative correlation between team commitment and irritation

r = −0.33, p < 0.01

12.5 (16)

Li et al., 2013 [50]

Relationships between nurse work environment and burnout

no

23 446 nurses, 2087 units, 352 hospitals, 11 European countries

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurse-physician relations^a

Well-being: MBI^a

Multilevel regression

1) As expected, nurse-physician relations on the

a) unit, but not on the

b) hospital or

c) country level are negatively related to

emotional exhaustion on the individual level

2) As expected, nurse-physician relations on the

a) unit, but not on the

b) hospital or

c) country level are negatively related to

depersonalization on the individual level

3) As expected, nurse-physician relations on the

a) unit, but not on the

b) hospital or

c) country level are positively related to

personal accomplishment on the individual level

1a) B = −0.11; 95 % equal tail credibility interval (ETCI) -0.21 to −0.002

1b) NS

1c) NS

2a) B = −0.17; 95 % ETCI −0.27 to -.07

2b) NS

2c) NS

3a) B = 0.20; 95 % ETCI −0.29 to -.12

3b) NS

3c) NS

13.5 (16)

Pisarski & Barbout, 2014 [37]

Relationships between team climate, roster control, work-life conflict and fatigue

yes

166 nurses, 1 hospital, Australia

Longitudinal self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: 10 items adapted from teamwork climate measure developed by authors

Well-being: 2 items from Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI)

Multiple hierarchical regression

1) Overall, team climate at time 1 does not predict fatigue at time 2

2) Team climate of day shift nurses is negatively related to fatigue

1) NS

2) β = −.16, p < .05

13 (16)

Profit et al., 2013 [57]

Relationships between burnout and patient safety culture

yes

2073 nurses and other healthcare professionals in 44 neonatal intensive care unit

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)^a subscale teamwork climate

Well-being: 4-item version of MBI^a

Pearson correlation

Negative correlation between burnout and teamwork climate

r = −.38, p < .05

11 (16)

Rafferty et al., 2001 [46]

Relationship between interdisciplinary teamwork and nurse autonomy on patient and nurse outcomes and nurse assessed quality of care

yes

5006 nurses, 32 hospitals, UK

Cross sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Items referring to teamwork on unit derived from NWI-R^a

Well-being: MBI^a

Pearson’s correlation

Negative correlation between teamwork and burnout

r = −0.219, p < 0.001

6.5 (16)

Raftopoulos et al., 2011 [53]

Relationships between safety and teamwork climate and stress

no

106 midwives, public maternity units, Cyprus

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)^a subscale teamwork climate

Well-being: job exhaustion, occupational stress (1 item each)

Backward stepwise linear regression

1) Job exhaustion negatively predicts teamwork climate (14 predictors altogether)

2) No association between teamwork and occupational stress

1) β = −12.85, p = 0.046, R² = 0.117, [f² = 0.13]^b,c

2) NS

10 (16)

Rathert et al., 2012 [55]

Mediation of relationship between nurses’ work environment and workarounds by emotional exhaustion

no

272 nurses & other medical care providers, acute care hospital, North America

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: 4 items from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Culture Survey^a

Well-being: Emotional Exhaustion^a

Path analysis

1) Negative association between teamwork and emotional exhaustion within larger path model

2) Good final model fit

1) β = −0.19, p < 0.01

2) GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.06, χ² = 11.81 (df = 6)

11.5 (16)

So et al., 2011 [56]

Cultural differences in relationships between team structure, job design, and Well-being

yes

470 nurses & other medical care providers, acute hospitals, China & UK

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: items about team structure (roles, objectives, cooperation, performance reflection)

Well-being: items about perceived work stress

Path analysis

Negative association between team structure and work stress within larger path model

1) in the UK sample

2) but not in the Chinese sample

3) Good overall model fit

1) β = −0.18, p < 0.05, R²_{all stress predictors} = 0.302

2) NS

3) χ² = 787.94 (df = 246, p = 0.05), CFI = 0.91, NNFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.071, 90 % CI 0.065 – 0.076

12.5 (16)

Sutinen et al., 2005 [21]

Relationships between health, work and social characteristics and retirement attitudes

no

447 physicians, several hospitals, Finland

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: TCI^a

Well-being: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)^a

Pearson’s correlation

Negative correlation between teamwork and minor psychiatric morbidity

r = −0.12, p < 0.05

10.5 (16)

Van Bogaert et al., 2009 [47]

Mediation of relationships between nurse work environment and nurse job outcomes and quality of care by burnout

no

401 nurses, medical, 31 units, general and university hospital, Belgium

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: MBI^a

Pearson’s correlation

Path analysis

1) Negative correlation between nurse-physician relationship and

a) depersonalization

b) personal accomplishment

2) Within path model: negative association between nurse-physician relationship and emotional exhaustion

3) Adequate overall model fit

1a) r = 0.155, p < 0.05

1b) r = −0.115, p < 0.01

2) β = −0.19

3) χ² = 548.1, df = 313, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.906, IFI = 0.903, RMSEA = 0.43

11.5 (16)

Van Bogaert et al., 2010 [19]

Relationships between nurse work environment, nurse job outcomes, quality of care, and burnout

no

546 nurses, 42 units, general and university hospitals, Belgium

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: Nurse-Physician-Relations Scale^a

Well-being: MBI^a

Linear mixed effects multilevel model

1) Positive association between nurse-physician relationship and personal accomplishment

2) Negative association between nurse-physician relationship and

a) emotional exhaustion

b) depersonalization

1) β = 1.98, p < 0.0001

2a) β = −3.79, p < 0.0001

2b) β = −1.09, p < 0.05

11.5 (16)

Van Bogaert et al., 2013 [52]

Relationships between nurse work environment, nurse characteristics, burnout, nurse job outcomes, and quality of care

no

1201 nurses, 116 units, 8 hospitals, Belgium

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: nurse-physician relations subscale of NWI^a

Well-being: MBI^a

Structural equation modelling (SEM)

1) Satisfactory overall model fit

2) No relationship between nurse-physician relations and emotional exhaustion

3) Negative correlation between nurse-physician relations and depersonalization but no relationship in final SEM

4) Positive correlation between nurse-physician relations and personal accomplishment but no relationship in final SEM

1) CFI = .90, IFI = .90, RMSEA = .43

2) NS

3) r = −.08, p < .01

4) r = .11, p < .01

13 (16)

Van Bogaert et al., 2014 [51]

Relationships between role-, job- and organizational characteristics, and occupational stress and well-being

no

365 nurse unit managers, Belgium

Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire

Teamwork: nurse-physician relations subscale of Leiden Quality of Work Questionnaire for Nurses

(LQWQ-N)^a

Well-being: emotional exhaustion subscale from MBI^a; Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES)^a

Hierarchical multiple regression

1) Nurse-physician relations negatively predict emotional exhaustion

2) Nurse-physician relations do not predict work engagement

1) β = −.22, p < .01

2) NS

14 (16)