Table 7 Results of the multivariate regression analysis of the impact of physician dispensing (PD) on total health care expenditures
From: Physician drug dispensing in Switzerland: association on health care expenditures and utilization
Specification | Glm, log link gamma family |
|---|---|
PD | 0.989 (0.008) |
Age | 1.005 (0)*** |
Gender = m | 0.977 (0.007)** |
PPO-contract | 0.953 (0.012)*** |
Telemedicine contract | 0.996 (0.011) |
HMO contract | 0.965 (0.008)*** |
High deductible | 0.87 (0.008)*** |
Nursing home stay | 3.126 (0.069)*** |
Outpatient hospital visits 1-5 | 1.783 (0.016)*** |
Outpatient hospital visits >5 | 2.427 (0.048)*** |
Inpatient stay in hospital | 4.003 (0.058)*** |
Cost in past year (log) | 1.117 (0.002)*** |
Prescriptions psychiatrists | 2.252 (0.054)*** |
Prescriptions cardio-/angiologists | 1.614 (0.109)*** |
Prescriptions gynaeologists | 1.488 (0.026)*** |
Prescriptions other specialists | 1.78 (0.019)*** |
Agricultural municipalities | 1.03 (0.268) |
Affluent municipalities | 1.074 (0.041) |
Industrial and tertiary municipalities | 0.977 (0.042) |
Rural commuting municipalities | 1.004 (0.044) |
Periurban municipalities | 1.025 (0.039) |
Suburban municipalities | 1.022 (0.038) |
Touristic municipalities | 0.946 (0.088) |
Urban centers | 1.079 (0.04)* |
22 pharmaceutical cost groups | all coefficients strongly positive |