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Table 4 Characteristics of caregivers at meals and persons residing with patients

From: Analysis of resources assisting in coping with swallowing difficulties for patients with Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study

 

Presence of caregivers at meals

Persons residing with participants (patients)

 

Yes n = 36

No n = 201

p value

Child only n = 32

Presence of child n = 80

Spouse only n = 112

p value

Age (years)

73.9 ± 6.8

70.9 ± 8.5

0.0217*

77.7 ± 6.2 a, b

71.0 . ± 8.6 a

70.8 ± 7.0 b

a: p = 0.0004*; b: p < 0.0001*

PD duration (years)

12.1 ± 7.8

7.6 ± 6.1

0.0022*

10.7 ± 9.3

7.8 ± 5.4

8.0 ± 5.8

ns

Score of SD

12.4 ± 9.5

6.9 ± 7.8

0.0019*

9.2 ± 8.8

7.6 ± 7.8

8.7 ± 9.1

ns

Modification score

1.7 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 0.6

0.0028*

1.5 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.7

ns

Modified H&Y scale

6.4 ± 1.2

4.3 ± 1.4

<0.0001*

5.1 ± 1.3 c, d

4.4 ± 1.4 c

4.5 ± 1.4 d

c: p = 0.030*; d: p = 0.039*

BMI

21.3 ± 3.6

22.5 ± 3.6

ns

21.9 ± 4.1

22.3 ± 3.7

22.5 ± 3.5

ns

Goodness of fit for

Presence of caregivers at meals n = 36

Child only n = 32

Presence of child n = 80

Spouse only n = 112

 

Use of dietary modifications

OR: 6.8, CI: 3.1-15.2, p < 0.0001*

ns

OR: 3.4, CI: 1.2-11.4, p = 0.024*

ns

 

Use of care foods

ns

ns

OR: 0.2, CI: 0.03-0.82, p = 0.025*

ns

 
  1. “Presence of child” means the number of patients residing with child(ren) plus that residing with child(ren) and spouse. *: significant, ns: non-significant
  2. a, b, c and d show values where statistical significance as per the p values in the very right hand column is reached