Table 4 Model specification for propensity score matching using pooled 2014 & 2012 data (n = 468)

Treatment variable

 SCE/NSCE

1 if SCE clinic; 0 otherwise

Outcome variables^a

 Perception factor1

Perception factors (factor-analyzed)

1.92

0.67

1.94

0.61

0.02

 Perception factor2

2.43

0.58

2.46

0.52

0.03

 Perception factor3

2.55

0.70

2.53

0.65

−0.02

 Perception factor4

1.74

0.53

1.79

0.49

0.05

 Perception factor5

2.48

0.62

2.48

0.56

−0.00

Overall score

2.26

0.26

2.30

0.41

0.04

 Perceived impact1

2.09

0.56

1.94

0.57

−0.15**

 Perceived impact2

1.18

0.49

1.13

0.36

−0.05

 Perceived impact3

1.38

0.59

1.31

0.49

−0.07

Overall score

1.73

0.39

1.62

0.38

−0.11**

 Independent variables

(co-variates)

  Age

Staff age in years

37.4

13.1

37.6

13.1

−0.13

  Gender

1 if male; 0 otherwise

0.40

0.49

0.30

0.46

0.09**

  Education

1 if secondary education; 0 otherwise

0.28

0.45

0.21

0.40

0.07*

  Profession

1 if non-clinical staff; 0 otherwise

0.26

0.44

0.24

0.44

0.02

  Salary

1 if is > GHC 1,300; 0 otherwise

0.07

0.26

0.10

0.30

−0.03

  Marital status

1 if married; 0 otherwise

0.44

0.50

0.45

0.50

−0.01

  Religion

1 if Christian; 0 otherwise

0.97

0.18

0.96

0.20

0.01

  Facility location

1 if GAR; 0 otherwise

0.51

0.50

0.52

0.50

0.01

  Facility ownership

1 if private clinic; 0 otherwise

0.59

0.49

0.47

0.50

−0.12**

  Insurance status

1 if insured; 0 otherwise

0.76

0.43

0.78

0.41

0.02