From: Economic burden of multimorbidity among older adults: impact on healthcare and societal costs
Variables | 2 or more chronic conditions | 1 chronic condition | No chronic conditions | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n | % | SE | n | % | SE | n | % | SE |
Overall | 1420 | 51.5 | 1.4 | 692 | 29.3 | 1.3 | 453 | 19.3 | 1.1 |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 60–74 years | 770 | 47.2 | 1.7 | 419 | 31.1 | 1.6 | 305 | 21.6 | 1.4 |
 75–84 years | 419 | 65.3 | 2.5 | 157 | 23.1 | 2.2 | 93 | 11.6 | 1.6 |
 85+ years | 231 | 59.8 | 3.2 | 116 | 25.9 | 2.9 | 55 | 14.3 | 2.3 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Men | 587 | 49.6 | 2.1 | 309 | 31.2 | 2 | 221 | 19.1 | 1.7 |
 Women | 833 | 52.9 | 1.9 | 383 | 27.7 | 1.7 | 232 | 19.4 | 1.6 |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Chinese | 540 | 50.7 | 1.7 | 291 | 29.9 | 1.5 | 181 | 19.4 | 1.3 |
 Malay | 364 | 48.8 | 2 | 220 | 28.7 | 1.8 | 161 | 22.5 | 1.7 |
 Indian | 491 | 62.7 | 1.8 | 172 | 21.8 | 1.6 | 109 | 15.5 | 1.4 |
 Others | 25 | 67.7 | 7.9 | 9 | 26.4 | 7.2 | 2 | 5.9 | 4.1 |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never married | 59 | 41.8 | 5.3 | 44 | 33.5 | 5.2 | 33 | 24.6 | 4.7 |
 Married/cohabiting | 798 | 50.4 | 1.8 | 398 | 29.4 | 1.7 | 288 | 20.2 | 1.5 |
 Widowed | 500 | 58.5 | 2.6 | 227 | 28.1 | 2.4 | 109 | 13.4 | 1.9 |
 Divorced/separated | 61 | 46.7 | 6.4 | 23 | 27.7 | 5.9 | 23 | 25.6 | 5.7 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 297 | 59.2 | 3.2 | 136 | 27.5 | 3 | 78 | 13.4 | 2.2 |
 Some, but did not complete primary | 351 | 54.6 | 2.9 | 165 | 27.3 | 2.6 | 104 | 18.1 | 2.3 |
 Completed primary | 359 | 52.7 | 2.9 | 164 | 26.3 | 2.5 | 117 | 21 | 2.4 |
 Completed secondary | 267 | 44.4 | 3 | 148 | 33.2 | 2.9 | 102 | 22.5 | 2.6 |
 Completed tertiary | 136 | 44.9 | 4.2 | 76 | 35 | 4.1 | 50 | 20.1 | 3.4 |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Paid work (part-time and full-time) | 295 | 41 | 2.5 | 205 | 32.8 | 2.4 | 188 | 26.2 | 2.3 |
 Unemployed (looking for work) | 16 | 45.8 | 12 | 11 | 46.4 | 12.1 | 5 | 7.8 | 4.6 |
 Homemaker | 485 | 54 | 2.7 | 212 | 27.8 | 2.4 | 111 | 18.1 | 2.2 |
 Retired | 607 | 59.3 | 2.2 | 255 | 26.1 | 2 | 144 | 14.5 | 1.6 |