Table 2 Detailed list and description of the main focus of each study
AUTHOR | DATE | TITLE | COUNTRY | METHODOLOGY | PARTICIPANTS | MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ab et al. | 2009 | Reasons of general practitioners for not prescribing lipid-lowering medication to patients with diabetes: a qualitative study | Netherlands | Qualitative; Interviews | 7 family physicians | What factors underlie GPs’ decisions not to prescribe lipid-lowering medications to patients with T2DM? |
Adili et al. | 2012 | Inside the PAR group: The group dynamics of women learning to live with diabetes | Australia | Qualitative (participatory action research); Interviews, group discussion | 11 patients with T2DM, women, older population | What is the value of group learning in helping women to live with T2DM? |
Agarwal et al. | 2008 | GPs’ approach to insulin prescribing in older patients: a qualitative study | Ontario, Canada | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 21 family physicians | What are the themes that reflect factors that influence the prescribing of insulin when treating older patients with T2DM? |
Barko et al. | 2011 | Perceptions of diabetes symptoms and self-management strategies: a cross-cultural comparison | USA | Qualitative (descriptive); Interviews | 20 patients with T2DM, Slavic immigrants and White non-immigrants, women, older population | What are the similarities and differences between perceived symptoms of T2DM and self-management strategies for Russian-speaking Slavic immigrant American women and non-Hispanic, non-immigrant White American women? |
Barton et al. | 2005 | The diabetes experiences of Aboriginal people living in a rural Canadian community | Canada | Qualitative (descriptive); Interviews | 8 patients with T2DM, Aboriginal | What are the experiences of Nuxalk people living with the challenges of T2DM, and how can these experiences inform health services in culturally specific ways? |
Bhattacharya et al. | 2012 | Psychosocial Impacts of Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management in a Rural African-American Population | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 31 patients with T2DM, African American | What are participant motivations for making health behavior changes? |
Bhattacharya et al. | 2012b | Self-management of type 2 diabetes among African Americans in the Arkansas Delta: a strengths perspective in social-cultural context | USA | Qualitative (Grounded theory); Interviews | 31 patients with T2DM, African American | What are the underlying factors influencing the promotion of T2DM? |
Bissell et al. | 2004 | From compliance to concordance: barriers to accomplishing a re-framed model of health care interactions | UK | Qualitative (Grounded theory); Interviews | 21 patients, Pakistani | What are the barriers to accomplishing a re-framed model of interactions between HPs and patients? |
Bogatean et al. | 2004 | People with type 2 diabetes facing the reality of starting insulin therapy: factors involved in psychological insulin resistance | Romania | Qualitative (phenomenology); Interviews | 18 patients with T2DM | What are the factors involved in psychological insulin resistance? |
Borgsteede et al. | 2011 | Factors related to high and low levels of drug adherence according to patients with type 2 diabetes | Netherlands | Qualitative; Interviews | 20 patients with T2DM | What are the factors related to high and low levels of drug adherence according to patients with T2DM in primary care? |
Borovoy Hine | 2008 | Managing the unmanageable: elderly Russian Jewish émigrés and the biomedical culture of diabetes care | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 13 patients with T2DM, elderly Russian Jewish émigrés; 2 healthcare providers; 5 other | What is the apparent resistance of elderly Russian Jewish émigrés to the dominant U.S. biomedical model of diabetes treatment? |
Broom & Whittaker | 2004 | Controlling diabetes, controlling diabetics: moral language in the management of diabetes type 2 | Australia | Qualitative; Interviews | 119 patients with T2DM; 56 service providers | How is moral identity negotiated (through a language of control, surveillance, discipline, and responsibility) in the efforts to integrate, live with, and control T2DM? |
Brown, J et al. | 2002 | The role of patient, physician and systemic factors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus | Ontario, Canada | Qualitative; Focus groups | 30 Family physicians | What are the contextual dimensions and subsequent interactions that contribute to a lack of adherence in the application of guidelines for T2DM? |
Brown, K et al. | 2007 | Health beliefs of African-Caribbean people with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study | UK | Qualitative; Interviews | 16 patients with T2DM, African-Caribbean | How do health beliefs influence the way African–Caribbean people with T2DM manage their illness? |
Burke et al. | 2006 | Patients with diabetes speak: Exploring the implications ofpatients’ perspectives for their diabetes appointments | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Focus groups | 8 patients with T2DM | How might physicians use information about patients’ perspectives to improve patients’ self-management of T2DM and thereby their glycemic control? |
Cardol et al. | 2012 | People with mild to moderate intellectual disability talking about their diabetes and how they manage | Netherlands | Qualitative; Interviews | 17 patients with T1DM + T2DM, Intellectual Disability | How do people with Intellectual Disability experience having diabetes and how do they manage the condition? How can understanding this information support in the engagement of self-management activities? |
Connor et al. | 2012 | Listening to patients’ voices: linguistic indicators related to diabetes self-management | USA | Qualitative (linguistic analysis); Interviews | 43 patients with T2DM | What are the most prominent linguistic indicators of two constructs that have been found to be important factors in models of health self-management: control orientation and agency? |
Coronado et al. | 2004 | Attitudes and beliefs among Mexican Americans about type 2 diabetes | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups | 42 patients with T2DM, Mexican Americans | Knowing that Hispanics in the United States are at a disproportionately high-risk for T2DM, what are the attitudes and beliefs about diabetes among this group? |
Corser et al. | 2010 | Contemporary Adult Diabetes Mellitus Management Perceptions | USA | Qualitative; Group interviews | 44 patients with T2DM | How do patients’ self-management beliefs and practices affect the nature of key diabetes care office visit decisions? |
Courtenay et al. | 2010 | The views of patients with diabetes about nurse prescribing. | UK | Qualitative; Interviews | 41 patients with T1DM + T2DM | What are the views of patients receiving prescriptions from Nurse Practitioners and what are the advantages and disadvantages of NP’s prescribing this medication? |
Feil et al. | 2011 | Impact of dementia on caring for patients’ diabetes | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Focus groups | 21 caregivers of patients with co-morbid T2DM and dementia | What are caregivers’ challenges and quality-of-life issues managing diabetes in patients with dementia. |
Felea et al. | 2013 | Perceptions of Life Burdens and of the Positive Side of Life in a Group of Elderly Patients with Diabetes: A Qualitative Analysis through Grounded Theory | Romania | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 57 patients with T2DM, older population | What are the main concerns of frail elderly people diagnosed with diabetes in terms of the perception of their burdens and their distinctive views on the positive side of life? |
Frandsen & Kristensen | 2002 | Diet and lifestyle in type 2 diabetes: the patient’s perspective | Multiple Countries | Qualitative; Group interviews | 123 patients with T2DM | According to patients across four European countries and the United States, what are the issues and barriers related to diet, lifestyle, and medication adherence? |
Garrett & Martin | 2003 | The Asheville Project: participants’ perceptions of factors contributing to the success of a patient self-management diabetes program | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups and interviews | 21 patients with T1DM + T2DM; 4 pharmacists; 1 diabetes educator; 6 project managers | What are patients’, providers’, and managers’ perceptions of the factors that contributed to the success of the Asheville Project: a Patient Self-Management Diabetes Program? |
Gazmararian et al. | 2009 | Perception of Barriers to Self-care Management Among Diabetic Patients | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups | 35 patients with unspecified DM, African-American, economically disadvantaged | What are the individual, educational, and system barriers that limit low-income diabetes patients’ ability to achieve optimal diabetes self-management? |
George & Thomas | 2010 | Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people | USA | Qualitative (phenomenology); Interviews | 10 patients with unspecified DM, elderly population, rural | What are the experiences and perceptions of self-management of diabetes as narrated by older people diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes living in a rural area? |
Goering & Mathias | 2010 | Coping with chronic illness: information use and treatment adherence among people with diabetes | USA | Qualitative (content analysis); Interviews | 21 patients with T2DM | How can we understand the complex relationship among information usage, medication adherence, and disease management in people with T2DM? |
Gorawara-Bhat et al. | 2008 | Communicating with older diabetes patients: Self-management and social comparison | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 28 patients T2DM, elderly population | As healthcare goals and self-management behaviors are frequently shaped through social comparisons with peers/family members, what is the role of social comparison in older patients with T2DM? |
Grant et al. | 2011 | Diabetes oral medication initiation and intensification: patient views compared with current treatment guidelines | USA | Qualitative (content analysis); Focus groups | 50 patients with T2DM | What are patient perceptions about medication management principles underlying American Diabetes Association (ADA) published treatment algorithms? |
Guell | 2012 | Self-care at the margins: meals and meters in migrants’ diabetes tactics | Germany | Ethnographic fieldwork; semi-structured interviews and participant observation | 17 healthcare providers; 7 patients with T2DM, Turkish migrants | What are Turkish migrants’ everyday practices of diabetes self-management in Berlin, Germany? |
Hayes et al. | 2006 | Understanding diabetes medications from the perspective of patients with type 2 diabetes: prerequisite to medication concordance | USA | Qualitative (content analysis); Focus groups | 138 patients with T2DM | What are patient’s perceptions of T2DM treatment, specifically related to medication experiences? |
Heisler et al. | 2009 | Participants’ Assessments of the Effects of a Community Health Worker Intervention on Their Diabetes Self-Management and Interactions with Healthcare Providers | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 40 patients with T2DM, African-American and Latino | How does the program influence participants’ diabetes care and interactions with healthcare providers, and what gaps, if any, does it address? |
Helsel et al. | 2005 | Chronic illness and Hmong shamans | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 11 patients with T2DM or hypertension, Hmong Shaman | How do Hmong Shamans’ understand and manage their chronic illness, and how can this perspective be used as a gateway to understanding how the broader Hmong American community perceive these conditions? |
Henderson | 2010 | Divergent models of diabetes among American Indian elders | USA | Qualitative (non-random intensity sample); Interviews | 30 patients with T2DM, American Indian elders | What are the belief systems about diabetes in American Indian elders, and what are the effects of culture on care-seeking, adherence, and diabetes self-care? |
Hinder & Greenhalgh | 2012 | “This does my head in”. Ethnographic study of self-management by people with diabetes | UK | Ethnographic study; Shadowing, interviews, observation | 30 people with T1DM + T2DM | Why is self-management of diabetes challenging for some, and how can research produce a richer understanding of how people live with diabetes? |
Ho & James | 2006 | Cultural barriers to initiating insulin therapy in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes living in Canada | Ontario, Canada | Qualitative (framework analysis); Interviews | 5 patients with T2DM, Chinese-Canadian, insulin dependent | What are some of the cultural barriers (as influenced by factors specific to the Chinese culture) to initiating insulin therapy among Chinese individuals with T2DM living in Canada? |
Holmstrom & Rosenqvist | 2005 | Misunderstandings about illness and treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes | Sweden | Phenomenology; Video recordings and transcribed patient reflections | 18 patients with T2DM, Swedish | What are the specific misunderstandings that Swedish patients with T2DM have about their illness and treatment, and how can health care services support rather than obstruct self-care and learning? |
Hornsten et al. | 2011 | A model of integration of illness and self-management in type 2 diabetes | Sweden | Qualitative (content analysis); Narrative interview | 44 patients with T2DM, Swedish-speaking | What is the process of illness integration and self-management among people with T2DM? |
Hu et al. | 2012 | The Meaning of Insulin to Hispanic Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes and Their Families | USA | Qualitative (content analysis); Focus groups | 43 patients with T2DM, Hispanic | What is the meaning of Insulin among a sample of Hispanic immigrants with T2DM and their family members/significant others, and what strategies and further research are necessary to dispel negative perceptions and facilitate positive experiences? |
Huang et al. | 2005 | Self-reported goals of older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 28 patients with T2DM, elderly population | What are the self-reported healthcare goals, factors influencing these goals, and self-care practices of older patients with T2DM, and how can this knowledge support providers in communicating with older patients about complex medical decisions? |
Hunt et al. | 2012 | The changing face of chronic illness management in primary care: a qualitative study of underlying influences and unintended outcomes | USA | Qualitative; Interviews and observations | 58 clinicians and 70 patients with T2DM and hypertension, observations of 107 clinical consultations with 12 clinicians | Due to the recent and dramatic increase in the diagnosis and pharmaceutical management of common chronic illnesses, how can qualitative data collected in primary care clinics help assess how these trends play out in clinical care? |
Jeavons et al. | 2006 | Patients with poorly controlled diabetes in primary care: healthcare clinicians’ beliefs and attitudes | UK | Qualitative; Focus groups | 23 healthcare providers (family physicians and nurses) | What are doctors’ and nurses’ attitudes and beliefs about treating patients with T2DM with less than ideal glycemic control while receiving maximal oral treatment in primary care? |
Jenkins et al. | 2011 | Participants’ experiences of intensifying insulin therapy during the Treating to Target in Type 2 Diabetes (4-T) trial: qualitative interview study | UK | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 41 patients with T2DM, insulin dependent | What are participants’ experiences of intensifying insulin therapy during the Treating to Target in Type 2 Diabetes (4-T) trial, and specifically, how do participants’ manage anxiety around increased likelihood of injecting insulin in public places? |
Klein & Lippa | 2012 | Assuming control after system failure: type II diabetes self-management | USA | Qualitative (cognitive task analysis); Interviews, document review, non-participant observation | Web users and interviewees with T2DM, unknown number | How do patients bridge the gap between existing education programs and the real, dynamic challenges of diabetes self-management? |
Klein & Meininger | 2004 | Self Management of Medication and Diabetes: Cognitive Control | USA | Qualitative (cognitive task analysis); Interviews | T2DM patients, unknown number | What self-management problems do Type 2 diabetic patients face? |
Lamberts et al. | 2010 | The role of the community pharmacist in fulfilling information needs of patients starting oral anti-diabetics | Netherlands | Qualitative; Interviews and focus groups | 42 patients with T2DM | What are the information needs of patients who have recently started treatment with oral anti-diabetics and what are the opportunities for pharmacy regarding the provision of information for patients with T2DM? |
Lawton et al. | 2005 | Perceptions and experiences of taking oral hypoglycaemic agents among people of Pakistani and Indian origin: qualitative study | UK | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 32 patients with T2DM, British Indian or Pakistani | What are British Pakistani and British Indian patients’ perceptions and experiences of taking oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), and how does ambivalence toward Western drugs influence medication adherence? |
Lawton et al. | 2008 | Patients’ perceptions and experiences of taking oral glucose-lowering agents: a longitudinal qualitative study | UK | Qualitative (longitudinal); Interviews | 20 patients with T2DM | What are patient expectations, perceptions and experiences of oral glucose-lowering agents (OGLAs), including their reasons for taking/not taking these drugs as prescribed and what recommendations exist for developing interventions to improve OGLA adherence? |
Lee et al. | 2007 | The development and evaluation of written medicines information for type 2 diabetes | Australia | Qualitative; Interviews | 24 patients with T2DM | Using the ‘Consumer Involvement Cycle’ to investigate consumer perspectives and the need for medication information for patients with T2DM, how can this information be used to develop appropriate WMI for the T2DM population? |
Lippa & Klein | 2008 | Portraits of patient cognition: how patients understand diabetes self-care | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 18 patients with T2DM | How do T2DM patients with low, moderate, and good glycemic control conceptualize self-care? |
Lippa et al. | 2008 | Everyday expertise: cognitive demands in diabetes self-management | USA | Qualitative (cognitive task analysis); Interviews | 18 patients with T2DM | What is the relationship between decision-making and successful diabetes self-management? |
Lutfey | 2005 | On practices of ‘good doctoring’: reconsidering the relationship between provider roles and patient adherence | USA | Ethnography; observations of patient-practitioner consultations, Qualitative; semi-structured interviews | 170 patients with unspecified DM; 25 practitioners | How do medical practitioners conceptualise, tailor their actions, and strategically enact practices with specific patients in order to maximise their adherence to treatment regimens? |
Lynch et al. | 2012 | Concepts of diabetes self-management in Mexican American and African American low-income patients with diabetes | USA | Qualitative (grounded theory); Focus groups | 84 patients with T2DM, African American and Mexican American | How do low-income minority conceptualize diabetes self-management and to what extent do patient beliefs correspond to evidence-based recommendations? |
Mathew et al. | 2012 | Self-management experiences among men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis | Ontario, Canada | Qualitative; Telephone interviews and focus groups | 35 patients with T2DM | What are the differences in diabetes self-management - specifically needs, barriers and challenges among men and women living with T2DM? |
Mayberry & Osborn | 2012 | Family support, medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes | USA | Mixed method: Qualitative; Focus groups; quantitative; Surveys | 45 patients with T2DM (n = 61 for surveys) | Does the perception of family members’ knowledge about diabetes have a positive or negative association with patients’ diabetes-specific supportive behaviors and medical adherence? |
McSharry et al. | 2013 | ‘The chicken and egg thing’: cognitive representations and self-management of multimorbidity in people with diabetes and depression | UK | Qualitative; Interviews | 17 patients with T1DM + T2DM and depression | How do patients perceive and report the impact and management of multimorbid representations of diabetes and depression? |
Mishra et al. | 2011 | Adherence to Medication Regimens among Low-Income Patients with Multiple Comorbid Chronic Conditions | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups | 50 patients with T1DM + T2DM, 40+ years of age, 2+ chronic conditions | What are the facilitators and barriers for adherence to multiple medications among low-income patients with comorbid chronic physical and mental health conditions? |
Mohan et al. | 2013 | Illustrated medication instructions as a strategy to improve medication management among Latinos: a qualitative analysis | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups and interviews | 38 patients with T2DM, Latino | What are the barriers to effective medication management for Latino patients with diabetes, and what strategies could help improve medication management among this vulnerable population? |
Morris et al. | 2005 | Experiences of people with type 2 diabetes who have changed from oral medication to self-administered insulin injections: a qualitative study | UK | Qualitative; Interviews | 6 patients with T2DM, older population | What are the lived subjective experiences, expectations, and impact for patients who have recently started insulin? |
Morrow et al. | 2008 | Integrating diabetes self-management with the health goals of older adults: a qualitative exploration. | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 24 patients with T2DM, hypertension, and at least one other chronic comorbidity, elderly population; 10 caregivers | What are the life and health goals of older adults with diabetes, and what are the factors that influence their diabetes self-management? |
Moser et al. | 2008 | Self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative investigation from the perspective of participants in a nurse-led, shared-care programme in the Netherlands | Netherlands | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 15 patients with T2DM, elderly population | How do patients with T2DM experience self-management in a nurse-led shared care program? |
Nagelkerk et al. | 2006 | Perceived barriers and effective strategies to diabetes self-management | USA | Qualitative (content analysis); Focus groups | 24 patients with T2DM, rural | What do patients perceive as barriers and effective strategies for self-management in a rural setting? |
Nair et al. | 2007 | “I take what I think works for me”: a qualitative study to explore patient perception of diabetes treatment benefits and risks. | Ontario, Canada | Qualitative (grounded theory); Interviews | 18 patients with T2DM | What is the experience of benefit and risk assessment for people with T2DM when making treatment decisions? |
Noakes | 2010 | Perceptions of black African and African-Caribbean people regarding insulin | UK | Qualitative; Focus groups | 13 patients with T2DM, African and African-Caribbean | What are black African and African-Caribbean adults’ perceptions of insulin treatment? |
Onwudiwe et al. | 2011 | Barriers to self-management of diabetes: a qualitative study among low-income minority diabetics | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups | 31 patients with T2DM, predominantly African-American, low income | What do low income minority patients perceive as barriers to self-management? |
Parry et al. | 2006 | Issues of cause and control in patient accounts of Type 2 diabetes. | UK | Qualitative (discourse analysis); Interviews | 40 patients with T2DM | How do patients view diabetes services and disease causation and management, and what are the implications of these beliefs for clinical management? |
Patel et al. | 2012 | Insulin initiation and management in people with Type 2 diabetes in an ethnically diverse population: the healthcare provider perspective. | UK | Qualitative; Interviews | 14 healthcare professionals who care for patients with T2DM | What are barriers to prescribing insulin to multi-ethnic adults (mostly South Asian setting) with T2DM? |
Phillips | 2007 | Starting patients on insulin therapy: diabetes nurse specialist views | UK | Qualitative (exploratory); Interviews | 4 diabetes nurse specialists | What are the challenges of converting patients with T2DM to insulin therapy? |
Rahim-Williams | 2011 | Beliefs, behaviors, and modifications of type 2 diabetes self-management among African American women | USA | Qualitative; Interviews, participant observation, self-management questionnaire | 25 patients with T2DM, women, African American | What are the health beliefs and behaviours affecting self-management of African American women with T2DM? |
Raphael et al. | 2012 | A toxic combination of poor social policies and programmes, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics: the experiences of poor Canadians with Type 2 diabetes | Ontario, Canada | Qualitative; Interviews | 60 patients with T2DM, low income | What are the day to day experiences of low income adults with T2DM living in poverty? |
Rayman & Ellison | 2004 | Home alone: the experience of women with type 2 diabetes who are new to intensive control | USA | Qualitative (Grounded theory); Interviews | 14 patients with T2DM, women | What are the early experiences of women learning intensive self-management of T2DM? |
Renfrew et al. | 2013 | Barriers to Care for Cambodian Patients with Diabetes: Results from a Qualitative Study | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups | 15 patients with T2DM, Cambodian; 25 clinicians; 5 bilingual Khmer staff | What are potential barriers to care for Cambodian patients with T2DM? |
Rise et al. | 2013 | Making and Maintaining Lifestyle Changes after Participating in Group Based Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Educations: A Qualitative Study. | Norway | Qualitative (Phenomenological); Focus groups and interviews | 23 patients with T2DM | How do patients make and maintain lifestyle changes after participating in group-based self-management education for T2DM? |
Shaw et al. | 2013 | Resources, roadblocks and turning points: a qualitative study of American Indian/Alaska Native adults with type 2 diabetes | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups and interviews | 13 patients with T2DM, Alaska Native and American Indian | What are the perceived psychosocial needs and barriers to self-management for Alaskan Native and American Indian adults with T2DM? |
Stack et al. | 2008 | A qualitative exploration of multiple medicines beliefs in co-morbid diabetes and cardiovascular disease | UK | Qualitative (modified grounded theory); Interviews | 19 patients with comorbid T2DM and cardiovascular disease | What are the perceptions of multiple medications expressed by patients managing co-morbid T2DM and cardiovascular disease? |
Thorlby et al. | 2011 | Clinicians’ views of an intervention to reduce racial disparities in diabetes outcomes | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 12 physicians; 4 nurse practitioners; 1 physician assistant | What do primary care practitioners understand about racial disparities among patients with T2DM and what are the perceptions of a cultural competency intervention? |
Tjia et al. | 2008 | Beneath the surface: discovering the unvoiced concerns of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 22 patients with T2DM, older population, at least 5 medications | What are the concerns of older patients with T2DM about their medication regimens? |
Venkatesh & Weatherspoon | 2013 | Social and health care provider support in diabetes self-management. | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 30 patients with T2DM, Asian Indian immigrants | What social and health care support do Asian Indian adults with T2DM have for self-management? |
Vermeire et al. | 2007 | Obstacles to adherence in living with type-2 diabetes: an international qualitative study using meta-ethnography (EUROBSTACLE) | Multiple country | Qualitative (meta-ethnography); Focus groups | 246 patients with T2DM | What barriers do patients with T2DM encounter when adhering to treatment regimens? |
Vinter-Repalust et al. | 2004 | Obstacles which patients with type 2 diabetes meet while adhering to the therapeutic regimen in everyday life: qualitative study | Croatia | Qualitative (content analysis); Focus groups | 49 patients with T2DM | What is the experience of T2DM, what are expectations of the health care system, and what barriers to adhering to the therapeutic regimen are encountered? |
Wan et al. | 2012 | Conceptualizations of patient empowerment among individuals seeking treatment for diabetes mellitus in an urban, public-sector clinic. | USA | Qualitative; Interviews | 29 patients with T2DM | How do patients perceive patient empowerment as it applies to treatment, interactions with HPs and self-management? |
Wang et al. | 2012 | Focus group study assessing self-management skills of Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus | USA | Qualitative; Focus groups | 24 patients with T2DM, Chinese-American | What beliefs, experiences, knowledge and skills facilitate self-management among Chinese-American adults with T2DM? |
Wens et al. | 2005 | GPs’ perspectives of type 2 diabetes patients’ adherence to treatment: A qualitative analysis of barriers and solutions | Belgium | Qualitative (descriptive, content analysis); focus groups | 40 family physicians | What are the thoughts and feelings of FPs about T2DM patient compliance/adherence? |
Williams et al. | 2008 | Adherence to multiple, prescribed medications in diabetic kidney disease: A qualitative study of consumers’ and health professionals’ perspectives | Australia | Qualitative (descriptive exploratory); Interviews and focus groups | 23 patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease; 16 healthcare professionals | What factors affect adherence to multiple prescription medications for patients with co-morbid T2DM and diabetic kidney disease? |
Wilson et al. | 2013 | Patient and carer experience of obtaining regular prescribed medication for chronic disease in the English National Health Service: a qualitative study | UK | Qualitative; Interviews | 21 patients with T1DM + T2DM and other chronic conditions; 9 caregivers | What are patient and caregiver experiences of community and primary care services for chronic disease, especially service delivery of repeat prescriptions? |
Wong et al. | 2005 | Perspectives on clinic attendance, medication and foot-care among people with diabetes in the Torres Strait Islands and Northern Peninsula Area | Australia | Qualitative (descriptive); Interviews and focus groups | 67 patients with T2DM, Indigenous Torres Strait Islanders | What are the perspectives and needs of indigenous people with T2DM? How might successful self-management be promoted in this group? |