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Table 4 Adjusted effects of socio-cultural capital and economic capital on child health-seeking behaviours for ARI

From: Socio-economic inequalities in curative health-seeking for children in Egypt: analysis of the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey

Variable

 

Reported symptoms

Sought treatment

Timely treatment

Private treatment

 

Sample

9,999

760

596

596

  

OR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

Socio-cultural capitala

0.85 (0.72–1.01)

0.061

1.20 (0.81–1.77)

0.360

1.23 (0.86–1.78)

0.261

0.95 (0.65–1.39)

0.789

Economic capitala

1.12 (0.91–1.37)

0.300

1.06 (0.70–1.61)

0.777

1.18 (0.81–1.73)

0.387

2.66 (1.57–4.52)

<0.001

Child age in months

0–5

0.62 (0.45–0.85)

0.003

1.70 (0.73–3.98)

0.221

1.27 (0.62–2.60)

0.509

0.85 (0.42–1.72)

0.653

 

6–11

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

12–23

0.75 (0.59–0.96)

0.021

0.96 (0.54–1.71)

0.891

1.01 (0.58–1.74)

0.978

0.62 (0.33–1.14)

0.124

 

24–35

0.47 (0.36–0.61)

<0.001

0.75 (0.40–1.42)

0.377

1.32 (0.72–2.42)

0.375

0.63 (0.31–1.27)

0.196

 

36–47

0.40 (0.31–0.52)

<0.001

0.90 (0.45–1.78)

0.753

0.86 (0.46–1.60)

0.626

0.57 (0.28–1.17)

0.125

 

48–59

0.41 (0.31–0.54)

<0.001

0.71 (0.36–1.38)

0.313

1.14 (0.56–1.29)

0.723

0.67 (0.31–1.43)

0.298

Child sex

Male

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Female

0.89 (0.76–1.04)

0.142

0.69 (0.46–1.04)

0.076

1.04 (0.72–1.50)

0.854

1.01 (0.69–1.47)

0.964

Preceding birth interval

<24 months

0.87 (0.67–1.12)

0.277

1.41 (0.68–2.94)

0.377

1.28 (0.70–2.34)

0.427

0.66 (0.36–1.23)

0.191

 

24–47 months

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

≥48 months

1.01 (0.80–1.28)

0.944

1.25 (0.72–2.18)

0.402

0.84 (0.50–1.43)

0.519

1.16 (0.65–2.07)

0.623

 

Only child

0.74 (0.58–0.94)

0.014

0.88 (0.52–1.48)

0.621

1.16 (0.70–1.91)

0.565

1.25 (0.70–2.23)

0.442

Mother’s age group

14–19

1.22 (0.87–1.71)

0.244

1.06 (0.53–2.14)

0.864

0.85 (0.40–1.82)

0.680

0.57 (0.25–1.34)

0.201

 

20–24

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

25–29

1.05 (0.84–1.33)

0.655

0.88 (0.51–1.50)

0.637

1.41 (0.84–2.36)

0.193

0.92 (0.51–1.67)

0.787

 

30–34

0.97 (0.74–1.27)

0.842

1.33 (0.70–2.56)

0.380

1.10 (0.60–2.03)

0.747

0.56 (0.29–1.06)

0.076

 

35–39

0.79 (0.56–1.12)

0.195

1.18 (0.53–2.64)

0.687

1.89 (0.85–4.19)

0.118

0.90 (0.35–2.32)

0.826

 

40–49

0.74 (0.43–1.26)

0.270

0.84 (0.27–2.59)

0.761

1.24 (0.35–4.41)

0.735

0.40 (0.11–1.49)

0.171

Mother female head status

Yes

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

No

0.95 (0.74–1.23)

0.725

1.18 (0.63–2.13)

0.578

1.40 (0.80–2.46)

0.235

1.23 (0.64–2.35)

0.531

Children <5 in household

1

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

2

0.94 (0.76–1.16)

0.554

1.37 (0.85–2.20)

0.190

0.85 (0.54–1.35)

0.485

0.96 (0.59–1.55)

0.866

 

3/4

0.88 (0.64–1.18)

0.386

1.09 (0.53–2.24)

0.822

0.63 (0.33–1.21)

0.163

1.79 (0.80–4.01)

0.158

Region

Urban

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Rural

0.73 (0.56–0.95)

0.018

0.81 (0.49–1.34)

0.406

1.56 (0.98–2.50)

0.061

1.96 (1.18–3.27)

0.010

Month of interview

March

2.62 (2.09–3.29)

<0.001

    

0.96 (0.60–1.54)

0.871

 

April

1 (ref)

     

1 (ref)

 
 

May/June

0.62 (0.46–0.85)

0.003

    

0.52 (0.26–1.07)

0.075

Fever in recall period

No

  

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

  

3.24 (2.06–5.10)

<0.001

1.29 (0.79–2.10)

0.300

0.90 (0.52–1.56)

0.702

Diarrhoea in recall period

No

  

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

  

0.79 (0.50–1.25)

0.312

0.85 (0.54–1.34)

0.485

0.71 (0.46–1.10)

0.122

Timely ARI treatment

No

      

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

      

1.15 (0.75–1.76)

0.532

  1. OR Odds ratio. P-value of Wald test. ARI Acute respiratory infection. 95%CI 95 % confidence interval. Weighted sample sizes reported
  2. aOdds of health-seeking behaviour under investigation associated with one unit increase in standardised score