Improving the effectiveness of service delivery in the public healthcare sector: the case of ophthalmology services in Malaysia

Table 4 The effect of environmental factors on the DEA technical efficiency scores⁺

Environmental factors		Coefficient	Standard error
Availability of day surgery services
	No	-
	Yes	0.07	0.06
Hospital Type^a
	Major Specialist Hospital	-
	Minor Specialist Hospital	−0.08	0.07
	State Hospital	−0.10	0.05*
Proportion (%) of population above 60 years old (within the centre's district )		−1.79 x 10⁻³	0.00
Total population of the district ('000)		1.11 x 10⁻⁴	0.00

⁺dependent variable is the bootstrap DEA efficiency score computed using output-oriented VRS model of 2000 resampling
*p-values < 0.05; n = 36 for both year; other coefficients failed to reach statistical significance
^aHospital type is used as a proxy to indicate the scope of clinical service available within the attached hospital of the ophthalmology centre
All variables above were test simultaneously controlling for year dummy
Constant not shown for brevity

ISSN: 1472-6963