Author | On schedule | To visit | With information | HbA1c at baseline | Change in HbA1c | P-value | Comparisons tested | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | |||||||
39 | Kirsh et al. 2007 [12] | ✓ | 10.4 | 9.8 | −1.44 | 0.30 | .002 | Group × Time interaction @18 mo. | ||
70 | Subramanian et al. 2009 [23] | ✓ | 7.7 | 7.5 | −0.19 | −0.03 | ≤0.05 | Group × Time interaction @1 year | ||
3 | Avdal et al. 2011 [61] | ✓ | 8.0 | 8.1 | −0.5 | NA | ≤.010 | Time effect @6 mo. | ||
NA | 0.05 | NS | Time effect @6 mo. | |||||||
5 | Benhamou et al. 2007 [63] | ✓ | 8.3 | 8.2 | −0.14 | 0.12 | .097 | Group effect @6 mo. | ||
7 | Bond et al. 2007 [36] | ✓ | 7.0 | 7.1 | −0.6 | −0.1 | 0.01 | Group effect @6 mo. | ||
8 | Carter et al. 2011 [37] | ✓ | 9.0 | 8.8 | −2.18 | −0.9 | ≤.050 | Group effect @9 mo. | ||
9 | Cavan et al. 2003 [65] | ✓ | 9.7 | NA | −1.7a | NA | ≤.005 | Patients with a disease duration ≤ 10 years | ||
Time effect @2 year | ||||||||||
9.5 | NA | −0.3a | NA | NS | Patients with a disease duration > 10 years | |||||
Time effect @2 year | ||||||||||
12 | Cho et al. 2009 [66] (phone) | ✓ | 8.3 | NA | −1.1 | NA | ≤.010 | Time effect @3 mo. | ||
Cho et al. 2009 [66] (internet) | ✓ | 7.6 | NA | −0.6 | NA | <.010 | Time effect @3 mo. | |||
13 | Cho et al. 2011 [67] | ✓ | 8.0 | 8.0 | −0.5 | −0.2 | <0.01 | Time effect @3 mo. | ||
18 | Dijkstra et al. 2005 [54] | ✓ | 8.1 | 8.0 | −0.3 | 0.2 | ≤.001 | Group effect @1 year | ||
21 | Farmer et al. 2005 [68] | ✓ | 9.2 | 9.3 | −0.6a | −0.4a | 0.33 | Group effect @9 mo. | ||
24 | Glasgow et al. 2003 [70] (peer support) | ✓ | 7.54 | 7.35 | −0.12 | 0.33 | ≤.05 | Group × Time interaction @10 mo. | ||
Glasgow et al. 2003 [70] (tailored self-management) | ✓ | 7.45 | 7.43 | −0.03 | 0.24 | NS | Group × Time interaction @10 mo. | |||
26 | Grant et al. 2008 [55] | ✓ | 7.3 | 7.4 | −0.16 | −0.26 | 0.62 | Group effect @1 year | ||
27 | Harno et al. 2006 [71] | ✓ | 7.82 | 8.21 | −0.50 | NA | S | p ≤ .05 Group effect @1 year | ||
NA | −0.38 | S | ||||||||
33 | HS Kim et al. 2006 [42] “Impact of a nurse short message service intervention…” | ✓ | 8.1 | NA | −1.10 | NA | .006 | Time effect @3 mo. | ||
34 | HS Kim 2007 [39] “A randomized controlled trial of a nurse short-message…” | ✓ | 8.09 | 7.59 | −1.15 | 0.07 | .005 | Group × Time interaction @3 mo. | ||
35 | HS Kim 2007 [40] “Impact of web-based nurse’s education…” | ✓ | 6.92 | 6.71 | −0.21 | NA | 0.20 | Patients with a baseline HbA1c < 7 % | ||
Time effect @3 mo. | ||||||||||
NA | 0.43 | .034 | Patients with a baseline HbA1c < 7 % | |||||||
Time effect @3 mo. | ||||||||||
9.35 | 8.24 | −2.15 | NA | ≤.007 | Patients with a baseline HbA1c ≥ 7 % | |||||
Time effect @3 mo. | ||||||||||
NA | 0.22 | NS | Patients with a baseline HbA1c ≥ 7 % | |||||||
Time effect @3 mo. | ||||||||||
36 | HS Kim and Jeong 2007 [41] “A nurse short message service by cellular phone…” | ✓ | 8.09 | 7.59 | −1.05a | 0.11a | .008 | Group × Time interaction @6 mo. | ||
37 | HS Kim and Song 2008 [43] “Technological intervention for obese patients with type 2 diabetes” | ✓ | 8.16 | 7.66 | −1.09a | 0a | .043 | Group × Time interaction @6 mo. | ||
−1.09a | NA | ≤.050 | Time effect @6 mo. | |||||||
NA | 0a | NS | Time effect @6 mo. | |||||||
38 | SI Kim and HS Kim 2008 [73] “Effectiveness of mobile and internet intervention…” | ✓ | 8.16 | 7.66 | −1.49a | 0.53a | .017 | Group × Time interaction @12 mo. | ||
−1.49a | NA | ≤.050 | Time effect @12 mo. | |||||||
NA | 0.53a | NS | Time effect @12mo. | |||||||
39 | Kwon et al. 2004 [74] | ✓ | 7.5 | NA | −0.5 | NA | ≤.003 | Time effect @3 mo. | ||
40 | Kwon et al. 2004 [45] | ✓ | 7.59 | 7.19 | −0.54 | 0.33 | <0.05 | Group effect @3 mo. | ||
−0.54 | NA | ≤.050 | Time effect @3 mo. | |||||||
NA | 0.33 | NS | Time effect @3 mo. | |||||||
44 | Lorig et al. 2010 [76] (treatment, no reinforcement) | ✓ | 6.5 | 6.40 | −0.03 | 0.13 | 0.04 | Group effect @6 mo. | ||
Lorig et al. 2010 [76] (treatment and reinforcement) | ✓ | 6.43 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.16 | Group effect @6 mo. | ||||
Lorig et al. 2010 [76] (treatment combined) | ✓ | 6.47 | −0.01 | 0.13 | 0.04 | Group effect @6 mo. | ||||
46 | McCarrier et al. 2006 [77] | ✓ | 7.99 | 8.05 | −0.37 | 0.11 | 0.16 | Group effect @12 mo. | ||
49 | McMahon et al. 2005 [78] | ✓ | 10.0 | 9.9 | −1.6 | −1.2 | ≤.050 | Group × Time interaction @12 mo. | ||
50 | McMahon et al. 2012 [47] (online care) | ✓ | 9.6 | NA | −1.3 | NA | <.0001 | Time effect @1 year | ||
NS | Group effect between online care and usual care with web-training @1 year | |||||||||
McMahon et al. 2012 [47] (telephone care) | ✓ | 9.9 | NA | −1.5 | NA | <.0001 | Time effect @1 year | |||
NS | Group effect between telephone care and usual care with web-training @1 year | |||||||||
McMahon et al. 2012 [47] (usual care with web-training) | ✓ | 10.1 | NA | −1.7 | NA | <.0001 | Time effect @1 year | |||
52 | Meigs et al. 2003 [49] | ✓ | 8.4 | 8.1 | −0.23 | 0.14 | 0.09 | Group × Time interaction @12 mo. | ||
55 | Moattari et al. 2013 [80] | ✓ | 9.1 | 9.4 | −2.0 | −0.6 | <.001 | Between group @3 mo. | ||
56 | Moorman et al. 2012 [81] | ✓ | 8.9 | 8.9 | NA | NA | NS | Between prospective (intervention) vs. retrospective (control) group | ||
57 | Musacchio et al. 2011 [82] | ✓ | 6.6 | NA | 0.2 | NA | NP | Patients with a baseline HbA1c < 7.5 % @12 mo. | ||
7.7 | NA | −0.4 | NA | NP | Patients with a baseline HbA1c between 7.5 % and 8 % @12 mo. | |||||
8.3 | NA | −0.9 | NA | NP | Patients with a baseline HbA1c between 8 % and 9 % @12 mo. | |||||
10.0 | NA | −2.2 | NA | NP | Patients with a baseline HbA1c > 9 % @12 mo. | |||||
58 | Nes et al. 2012 [83] | ✓ | 7.4 | NA | −0.4 | NA | NP | @3 mo. | ||
61 | Ralston et al. 2009 [38] | ✓ | 8.2 | 7.9 | −0.9 | 0.2 | 0.01 | Group × Time interaction @12 mo. | ||
62 | Ryan et al. 2013 [85] | ✓ | 7.5 | NA | −0.6 | NA | 0.04 | Time effect @ 13 mo. | ||
63 | Sacco et al. 2009 [48] | ✓ | 8.4 | 8.5 | −1.0 | −0.7 | NS | Group effect @6 mo. | ||
67 | KE Smith et al. 2004 [86] | ✓ | 10.95 | NA | −2.22 | NA | 0.001 | Time effect @6 mo. | ||
68 | Song et al. 2009 [87] | ✓ | 7.6 | 7.7 | −0.8a | −0.4a | 0.26 | Group × Time interaction @3 mo. | ||
69 | Stone et al. 2012 [88] (Active care management to care coordination with home telemonitoring) | ✓ | 7.77 | NA | 0.26 | NA | NS | Time effect @ 6 mo. | ||
Stone et al. 2012 [88] (Active care management to care coordination) | ✓ | 7.97 | NA | 0.19 | NA | NS | Time effect @ 6 mo. | |||
Stone et al. 2012 [88] (Care coordination to care coordination) | ✓ | 8.56 | NA | 0.15 | NA | NS | Time effect @ 6 mo. | |||
Stone et al. 2012 [88] (Care coordination to usual care) | ✓ | 8.53 | NA | 0.31 | NA | NS | Time effect @ 6 mo. | |||
71 | Tang et al. 2013 [89] | ✓ | 9.2 | 9.3 | −1.1 | −1.0 | 0.13 | Between group @1 year | ||
73 | Tildesley et al. 2010 [90] | ✓ | 8.8 | 8.5 | −1.2a | −0.1a | ≤.050 | Group effect @6 mo. | ||
−1.2a | NA | ≤.001 | Time effect @6 mo. | |||||||
NA | −0.1a | 0.51 | Time effect @6 mo. | |||||||
76 | Yoo et al. 2009 [91] | ✓ | 7.6 | 7.4 | −0.5 | 0.2 | ≤.001 | Group × Time interaction @3 mo. | ||
77 | Yoon and HS Kim 2008 [92] | ✓ | 8.09 | 7.59 | −1.32a | 0.81a | ≤.001 | Group × Time interaction @12 mo. | ||
65 | Seto et al. 2012 [16] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.3 | NA | −0.3 | NA | <.001 | Time effect @ 8 mo. | |
4 | Bailie et al. 2004 [62] | ✓ | ✓ | 9.0 | NA | −0.2a | NA | 0.23 | Time effect @3 years | |
11 | Cho et al. 2006 [57] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.7 | 7.5 | −1.0a | −0.1a | ≤.050 | Group effect @30 mo. | |
16 | de Grauw et al. 2002 [19] | ✓ | ✓ | 8.2 | NA | −1.1 | NA | ≤.001 | Unpaired t-test @6 year | |
30 | Jones and Curry 2006 [50] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.25 | 7.13 | 0.06 | −0.18 | 0.24 | Group effect within 16 months | |
45 | MacLean et al. 2009 [20] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.11 | 7.03 | 0.05 | −0.02 | 0.08 | Group × Time interaction @32 months | |
64 | Sadur et al. 1999 [22] | ✓ | ✓ | 9.7 | 9.6 | −1.3 | −0.22 | ≤.0001 | Group effect @6 mo. or beyond | |
28 | Holbrook et al. 2009 [28] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.0 | 7.1 | −0.2 | 0.2 | 0.03 | Group effect @6 mo. | |
29 | Hurwitz et al. 1993 [72] | ✓ | ✓ | 10.4 | 10.3 | −0.4 | 0.3 | NP | Group effect @2 year | |
48 | McDiarmid et al. 2001 [51] | ✓ | ✓ | 8.0 | NA | −0.1 | NA | NP | Time effect @1 year | |
53 | Meulepas et al. 2007 [30] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.2 | 7.4 | 0 | 0.6 | ≤ .050 | Group effect @2 year after intervention (baseline 1 year before intervention) | |
54 | Meulepas et al. 2008 [31] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.3 | 7.2 | −0.2 | 0.1 | <0.05 | Group × Time interaction @3 years | |
72 | Thomas et al. 2007 [26] | ✓ | ✓ | 7.3 | 7.4 | −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.83 | Group × Time interaction @ 1 year | |
75 | Yeh et al. 2006 [33] | ✓ | ✓ | 9.03 | 8.95 | −1.65 | −0.92 | 0.01 | Group effect @8 mo. | |
42 | Lin et al. 2007 [29] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 7.8 | 7.7 | −0.6 | NA | ≤.050 | Time effect @3 year |
NA | −0.3 | 0.24 | Time effect @3 year |