Economic consequences of ill-health for households in northern rural India

Table 4 Distribution of households’ health-related expenditures across the type of care

	Proportion of householdsª	Proportion of household health spending^a	Direct costs^b		Indirect costs^b
	Proportion of householdsª	Proportion of household health spending^a	Medical fees	Medicines and laboratory	Transportation and food costs for patient and caregiver	Productivity losses for patient and caregiver
Outpatient care for chronic diseases	49%	43.9%
Average proportion of total costs (%)			12%	74%	9%	5%
Average spending (INR)			118	1220	159	100
Average spending in (US$)^c			(2.66)	(27.50)	(3.58)	(2.25)
Standard deviation			257	2825	630	435
Outpatient care for acute conditions	58%	42.7%
Average proportion of total costs (%)			33%	51%	9%	8%
Average spending (INR)			112	338	67	66
Average spending (in US$)^c			(2.52)	(7.62)	(1.51)	1.49)
Standard deviation			208	1404	275	237
Hospitalization	15%	8.8%
Average proportion of total costs (%)			67%	13%	12%	8%
Average spending (INR)			978	212	158	110
Average spending (in US$)^c			(22.05)	(4.78)	(5.82)	(2.48)
Standard deviation			1208	559	320	229
Maternity care	12%	4.6%
Average proportion of total costs (%)			15%	2%	61%	23%
Average spending (INR)			56	2	96	42
Average spending (in US$)^c			(1.26)	(0.05)	(2.16)	(0.95)
Standard deviation			198	9	179	137

Notes: Composition of monthly average household health expenditures (in INR). We include interests that had to be paid on loans taken to finance health care related expenditures in the productivity losses. On average, these represent 8.5% of foregone earnings.
ªamong those households reporting any kind of health expenditures ^bshare of total household health expenditures of the specific type of care ^cusing the 2010 exchange rate.

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