Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of atypical and typical cohorts before matching and after matching (N = 1131)

From: Health care resource utilization and direct medical costs for patients with schizophrenia initiating treatment with atypical versus typical antipsychotics in Tianjin, China

Variable

Before matching

After matching

Atypical cohort N = 648

Typical cohort N = 483

p-value

Standardized difference

Atypical cohort N = 400

Typical cohort N = 400

p-value

Standardized difference

Demographic characteristics

        

Mean age (in years) [Mean(SD)]

51.3 (13.0)

52.6 (11.9)

0.081

−0.106

52.1 (11.8)

51.7 (11.7)

0.144

0.035

Female [n(%)]

357 (55.1%)

267 (55.3%)

0.950

−0.004

226 (56.5%)

224 (56.0%)

0.715

0.010

Retired [n(%)]

338 (52.2%)

282 (58.4%)

0.037

−0.125

222 (55.5%)

228 (57.0%)

0.109

−0.030

Concomitant medications [n(%)]

        

Anxiolytics

74 (11.4%)

57 (11.8%)

0.843

−0.012

18 (4.5%)

22 (5.5%)

0.541

−0.046

Anticholinergics

28 (4.3%)

15 (3.1%)

0.290

0.064

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.3%)

1.000

<0.001

Antidepressants

24 (3.7%)

22 (4.6%)

0.473

−0.043

1 (0.3%)

4 (1.0%)

0.375

−0.095

Sedative-hypnotics

9 (1.4%)

17 (3.5%)

0.018

−0.138

1 (0.3%)

3 (0.8%)

0.625

−0.071

Mood stabilizers

7 (1.1%)

6 (1.2%)

0.787

−0.015

2 (0.5%)

1 (0.3%)

1.000

0.041

Mental comorbidities [n(%)]

        

Sleep disorder

38 (5.9%)

29 (6.0%)

0.921

−0.006

14 (3.5%)

10 (2.5%)

0.481

0.059

Depression

15 (2.3%)

16 (3.3%)

0.309

−0.060

1 (0.3%)

4 (1.0%)

0.375

−0.095

Anxiety disorder

8 (1.2%)

9 (1.9%)

0.462

−0.051

3 (0.8%)

2 (0.5%)

1.000

0.032

Other psychotic disorder#

6 (0.9%)

3 (0.6%)

0.740

0.035

1 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

0.071

Resource utilization and cost (prior 3 months)

       

Mean number of hospitalizations

0.02 (0.15)

0.05 (0.25)

0.028

−0.128

0.01 (0.07)

0.01 (0.07)

1.000

<0.001

Mean number of outpatient visits

0.17 (0.58)

0.22 (0.83)

0.332

−0.069

0.08 (0.34)

0.05 (0.36)

0.298

0.071

Direct medical cost ($) [Mean(SD)]

20 (124)

42 (200)

0.027

−0.129

4 (45)

3 (46)

0.287

0.021

  1. Continuous variables were compared using two-sample t-tests for unmatched samples and paired t-tests for matched samples; categorical variables were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests for unmatched samples and McNemar’s tests for matched samples. P-values and standardized differences in bold indicates statistical significance.
  2. # Other psychotic disorder corresponded to any other mental disorders (ICD-10 F00-99) except sleep disorder, depression and anxiety disorder, which included mania, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorders, disorders of adult personality and behavior, mental retardation, etc.
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us